Transcript Injuries to Epithelial Tissue

Injuries to Epithelial Tissue
Injuries to Epithelial Tissues
• Epithelial tissue makes
up the layers of our skin
• Many types of epithelial
injuries in sports
• Superficial epithelial
tissue injuries follow a 3
step healing process
– Response
– Repair
– Remodeling
Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissue
• Abrasions
– outer layer of skin has been
scraped off
– turf burns, sliding in
baseball and softball,
falling while running xc or
track
• Laceration
– jagged tear in the flesh
– head wounds
– usually will need stitches
Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissue
• Puncture Wound
– penetration of a sharp
object deep in skin
– rare in sports
• Incision
– clean, straight cut
– cut usually made by a very
sharp object
– usually needs stitches
Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissues
• Callus
– thickened area of skin
– usually not painful
– caused by friction against the
skin over time
– common areas
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side of big toe
heel
“ball of foot”
palm of hands
Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissues
• Blister
– build-up of fluid under skin
– caused by friction against
the skin
– occurs rapidly and not over
time
– very painful once they
develop
– common areas
• heel
• palm
• “ball of foot”
Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissues
• Hematomas
– a blood-filled swollen area
– goose-egg
– areas where no muscle
present between skin and
bone
– cranium, shin, under nail
beds
Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissues
• Contusions
– injury received by a blow
to area
– a bruise
– bleeding spreads out into
surrounding tissue
– extremely common in all
sports
Treatment and Care – Contusions &
Hematomas
Immediate Treatment (RICER)
• Rest
• Ice – applied for 20 minutes
• Compression – ace bandage
• Elevation
• Range of Motion
Treatment and Care – Contusions &
Hematomas
Follow-up Treatment
• Continue to ice
• Mild stretching
• Protect area
– donut-shaped pad over
injury
Skin Infections
• Skin always has some
amount of bacteria,
fungus, and viruses
living on it
• Skin infections occur
when:
– there are breaks in the skin
– organisms have uncontrolled
growth
When worry about skin lesions?
• Lesions are bright red
• Lesions that are warmer
compared to other skin
• Inflammation and
irritation around the skin
lesions
• Prior history of infectious
skin lesions
• Skin abrasions increase
the risk of skin infection
Expertise
• Experienced person
with skin lesions, the
better the medical
evaluation
• The best situation is
qualified physicians,
trainers and referees
working together for
the benefit of the
athletes
Skin Infections - Highlights
• Bacteria (can be cured)
– Staphylococcus including
MRSA
– Streptococcus bacteria
causing Impetigo
• Fungal (can be cured)
– Ringworm
– Athlete’s foot
• Viral (can’t be cured but
can be treated)
– Herpes
– Warts
– Molluscum contagiosum
Skin Infections - Bacteria
• Right antibiotics is
required to cure a
bacterial skin infection
• Antibiotics will not cure
fungal or viral infections
• Can be the fastest
growing infections
• Most easily spread among
athletes
Staphylococcus Infections
• Staph Aureus bacteria
commonly cause skin
infections
• 20 to 30% of healthy people
have Staph on their skin.
• Staph are resistant to some
antibiotics
• all Staph infections can be
treated with one or more
antibiotics
Staphylococcus Infections
• Athletes, military recruits,
children, and prisoners are at
higher risk of Staph infections.
• Risk of infection increased
when there are:
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cuts in the skin
close skin-to-skin contact
crowded living conditions
poor hygiene
contaminated items and
surfaces
Typical Staph Skin Lesions
Typical Staph Skin Lesions
MRSA
• MRSA
– Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
bacteria
– Does NOT respond to some
antibiotics used to treat
regular Staph
– MRSA skin infections are
on rise in high school
athletes
MRSA
• MRSA
– Appears on skin as sores
or boils
– Looks much like a
regular Staph infection
– Spreads through direct
contact with people or
equipment/surfaces
contaminated with
MRSA
MRSA
• Treatment
– Don’t ignore infected
areas
– Don’t drain sore yourself
– Seek medical attention
– Doctor will drain sore,
bandage and may
prescribe antibiotics
– Keep sore covered at all
times to reduce infecting
others
Staph and MRSA
• Staphlycoccus
Infections
Impetigo
• Impetigo
– Highly contagious
bacterial skin infection
– Caused by Group A
Streptococcus (GAS)
bacteria
– Not common in adults
but occurs in close
contact athletes (rugby,
football and wrestling)
– Video
Impetigo
• Impetigo
– Appears first as small
blisters
– Blisters evolve to yellowish,
honey colored crusted
blisters
– Can be treated with topical
antibiotic
– Can’t participate until all
blisters are cleared up
– Refer athlete to doctor for
correct diagnosis
Staph vs. Strep
• Strep bacteria
• Staph bacteria
Ringworm
• Ringworm
– Caused by a fungus (not
worm) called Tinea
Corporis
– Appears as ring-shaped
lesions on skin
– Spreads through direct
contact with infected
individuals
Ringworm
• Ringworm
– Fungus thrives on warm,
moist skin
– Athletes at greatest risk are
wrestlers and football
– Accounts for approx 84% of
skin infections in wrestlers
– Treat with antifungal
creams and avoid contact
with others
Ringworm
Tips to prevent ringworm
1. Shower after playing sports
2. Dry thoroughly after bathing
or swimming
3. Wash clothes and yourself
after each workout
4. Avoid contact with individuals
who are infected
5. Don’t share towels or clothing
with others
Athlete’s Foot
• Athlete’s foot
– Caused by fungus called
Tinea Pedis
– Fungus thrives in warm,
moist areas
– Contagious and spreads
through person to
person contact
– Also spreads by walking
barefoot across
contaminated floors
Athlete’s Foot
• Athlete’s foot
– Symptoms are burning,
itching and scaling of the
skin
– Treated by many
antifungal topical
medications
– Keep feet dry as
possible, don’t walk
barefoot across locker
rooms or weight rooms
Herpes
• Herpes
– Viral infection
– Most common in
athletes is Herpes
gladiatorum (mat
herpes)
– Caused Herpes Simplex
Virus type I
– Same virus that causes
cold sores
Herpes
• Herpes
– Once infected, can treat
symptoms but have the
virus inside body for life
– Lesions usually appear
on face or upper body
– Contagious during
outbreaks
– Seek medical attention
– No practice or play until
no longer contagious
Warts
• Warts
– Most common in
athletes is plantar warts
– Caused by human
papilloma virus (HPV)
– Virus enters skin through
cuts or cracks
– Usually occur on soles of
feet and can spread by
walking barefoot
Warts
• Warts
– Usually not a health risk
– Can be treated easily
with freezing kits or
cauterization
– Treat immediately to
avoid spreading virus to
others
Molluscum Contagiosum
• Molluscum Conagiosum
– Caused by the pox virus
– Lesions are contagious
and should be treated
immediately to avoid
spreading
– Most common in
wrestlers
– Video
• Wrestling Mats - Haven
for Bacteria