Transcript Powerpoint Presentation: Enzymes and Biotechnology

Enzymes and
biotechnology
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
Enzymes have been used in
biotechnology for millennia
http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/bread.htm
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
Enzymes are useful
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They are catalysts so the make reactions easier
This increases productivity and yield
As catalysts they are not consumed by the reaction
The may be used over and over again
Enzymes show specificity to the reaction they
control
Enzymes are sensitive to their environment so they
can be controlled by adjusting the temperature, the
pH or the substrate concentration
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
Lactase
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Lactase is used to remove the sugar lactose
from milk and other dairy products
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
Lactose intolerance
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Some people are intolerant of lactose in milk they
cannot digest it
The lactose remains in the digestive system and is
fermented by bacteria
The result is nausea, cramps, bloating, gas, and
diarrhea occurring within 4h of consuming milk
products
The treatment includes taking a tablet of lactase
enzyme with a meal
The lactase digests the lactose in the food
A special lactose free diet may be necessary
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
Source
Lactase enzyme (-galactosidase) is extracted
from fungi such as Aspergillus oryzae
http://biotech.nikkeibp.co.jp/MUSEUM/3.html
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
http://www.biologie.uni-regensburg.de/
Reaction
Substrate: Lactose
-galactosidase
Lactose + H2O
This is a hydrolysis reaction
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS
Glucose + Galactose
Advantages
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Lactose intolerant patients can
digest their food
Lactose free products can be
prepared for special diets
Lactase is used to hydrolyse
lactose in ice cream into glucose
and galactose to give it a sweeter
flavour
Stoney Creek Dairy
© 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS