Transcript LandUses - tbrown10

REVIEW!
What is a Watershed?
(or Drainage Basin)
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… the land area
that drains runoff
(rain or snow) into
a lake, stream or
river.
 The
boundaries of
a watershed,
are hilltops and
ridges.
Source: Doppelt, Bob, Mary Scurlock, Chris Frissell, and James Karr. (1993: xiv). Entering
the Watershed: A new approach to save America's River Ecosystems. Washington,
DC: Island Press. Copyright: Pacific Rivers Council.
REVIEW!
How Does Your Watershed connect
to the Great Lakes Watershed?
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
What are the Benefits of a
Healthy Watershed
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Clean water
Flood control
Good fish & wildlife habitat
Greater biodiversity
More productive for timber & grazing
Higher property values
More attractive
Land Uses &
Water Pollution Sources
Christopher Gale
Bill Taft
By Joan Schumaker Chadde, Western U.P. Center for Science, Mathematics and
Environmental Education. All photos by Chadde, unless otherwise noted.
Land Uses &
Water Pollution Sources
Answer the following questions
on a separate sheet of paper:
1.How does what we do on land affect
water quality?
2.How does pollution get from one place
to another?
What are land uses?
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The ways that people use the land.
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Brainstorm
What are Land Uses?
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Grazing
Farming (Agriculture)
Forestry (logging)
Mining
Recreation (motorized & non-motorized)
Residential
Commercial
Industry
Wildlife habitat
Preservation (wild & scenic)
What types of pollutants
might enter our watershed
through land use?
Types of Pollutants?
o
o
o
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Nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus)
Sediment (dirt)
Bacteria
Pesticides
Road salt
Toxic chemicals
Metals (mercury, copper, etc.)
What are point and non-point
sources of pollution?
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAss
etId=60452CEE-1927-475A-A92D12891E712DD7&blnFromSearch=1
Point and Non-point
Sources of Water Pollution
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Point = water pollutants discharged from a
pipe into lakes and rivers.
Nonpoint = water pollutants carried by
runoff over land and into lakes and rivers.
Point source pollution = water pollutants
discharged from a pipe
Nonpoint Source Pollution = pollutants carried by water
as it runs off over the land. The type of pollutant
(sediment, fertilizer, nutrients, pesticides, etc.) depends
upon the type of land use.
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality & Possible Pollutants
(Page 69)
•Work with a partner on Pg. 69 to
brainstorm at least two possible
sources of pollution for each type
of pollutant.
•Do this in pencil. We will go over
the correct answers before the end
of class.
Water Quality & Possible
Pollutants (Page 69)
Pollutant
Possible Sources
1. Nutrients
•Livestock (animal wastes) too close to stream
•Fertilizer used on crops or lawns
•Human wastes from failing septic systems
2. Sediment
•Road crossing a stream
•Eroding stream banks
•Livestock too close to stream
•All-terrain vehicles driving through a stream
3. Bacteria
•Failing septic systems
•Wastewater treatment plant overflows
•Livestock waste too close to stream
•Wildlife and pet wastes
Water Quality & Possible
Pollutants (Page 69)
Pollutant
Possible Sources
4. Pesticides
•Residential lawns and gardens
•Golf courses and city parks
•Crop land
5. Oil, gas, metals
•Parking lot runoff
•Leaking underground gasoline storage tanks
6. Salt
•Highways
•Industry
7. Toxic materials
•Industry
•Land fill
•Businesses (dry cleaners, etc.)
Land Use and Water Quality
*Fill in your student sheet (Pg. 71) as you view the slides.
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Identify the land use shown in the photo?
Identify what type of pollutants might result
from the land use (shown in the photo) and
possibly affect the water quality of a nearby
stream?
#1
#2
Bill Taft
#3
Dickinson Conservation District
#4
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
#5
#6
#7
#8
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Land Use and Water Quality
Photo
Land use
Possible Pollutants
1
Parking Lot
Urban
Commercial Development
•Road salt
•Sediment
•Automotive fluids (toxic
chemicals)
•Motor oil (toxic chemicals)
2
Forest management
Logging road
•Sediment
3
Homes
Neighborhood
Residential
•Pesticides (toxic chemicals)
•Fertilizers (nutrients)
•Pet wastes (bacteria &
nutrients)
•Road salt
4
Agriculture
Livestock grazing
Animal feedlot
•Animal wastes (bacteria &
nutrients)
Land Use and Water Quality
Photo
Land use
Possible Pollutants
5
New Construction
•Sediment
6
Stream channel
(straightened due to urban
development)
•Road salt
•Sediment
•Automotive fluids (toxic
chemicals)
•Motor oil (toxic chemicals)
•Waterfowl wastes
7
City
Urban area
•Road salt
•Sediment
•Automotive fluids (toxic
chemicals)
•Motor oil (toxic chemicals)
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Agriculture
Cropland
•Sediment
•Fertilizer
•Pesticides
Leading Sources of Water Quality
Impairment to Rivers (MICHIGAN*)
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Physical stream alterations (e.g. channelization or
straightening)
Agriculture (crop runoff and animal feedlots)
Sediment
Industrial Point Source
Habitat modification (loss of streamside riparian vegetation)
Combined sewer overflows
Municipal Point Source
Construction
Leading pollutants:
organic compounds, pathogens, sediment, mercury, low
dissolved oxygen, nutrients, metals (copper, chromium)
* 2004 Water Quality and Pollution Control in Michigan: 20004 Sections 303(d) and 305(b)
Integrated Report, MI DEQ Water Division, page34.
Leading Sources of Water Quality
Impairment to Rivers (U.S.*)
1. Agricultural runoff
(farming and livestock)
2. Municipal point sources
(sewage treatment plants)
3. Streamside habitat changes
(channelization, dredging, flow modifications)
Leading pollutants:
bacteria, nutrients, metals (primarily mercury), sediment
* 2000 National Water Quality Inventory (EPA report). Data received on
33% of U.S. waters were assessed for this report.
http://www.epa.gov/305b/2000report/factsheet.pdf
How can we reduce or
prevent pollution ?
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs)
…are designed to control, prevent, remove,
or reduce pollution. Three BMP categories:
1. Structural Practices
o Grass or rock-lined drainage ditches.
o Fence livestock away from stream
o Sedimentation basin for parking lot runoff
2. Vegetative Practices
o Cover crops
o Leave tree and shrub “buffer strips” along streams
3. Management Practices
o No till farming (don’t plow)
o Rotate pastures used for livestock grazing
o No grazing, logging, or building houses right next to a stream
Land Use and Water Quality (pg. 71)
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Go back to Page 71 and complete
the Best management practices
section with the people at your
table.
Do this in pencil. We will correct it
before the end of the class.
Land Use and Water Quality
Photo
Best Management Practice (BMP)
1
•Porous asphalt of pervious concrete
•Vegetated islands in parking lot
•Runoff retention pond to collect runoff and allow time for
infiltration
•Reduce parking lot size
•Create vegetated or rock-lined drainage channel for
storm water runoff to slowly seep into the ground
2
•Maintain vegetated buffer along stream to filter out
sediment
•Do not locate roads immediately adjacent to streams
3
•Use minimal amounts of pesticides and fertilizers on
lawns
•Pick up and dispose of pet wastes
•Maintain areas of native vegetation to promote
infiltration
•Irrigate lawn sparingly
4
•Maintain vegetative buffer along streams to slow and
filter runoff
Land Use and Water Quality
Photo
Best Management Practice (BMP)
5
•Use erosion control fabric to prevent disturbed soil from
moving off-site
6
•Maintain vegetative buffer along streams to slow and
filter runoff
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•Maintain vegetative buffer along lake to slow and filter
runoff
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•Maintain vegetative buffer along lake to slow and filter
runoff