Transcript States of Matter

States of Matter
also known as
Phases of matter
There are four…
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Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
These are the physical forms in
which matter can exist.
All Particles are in motion…
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The state (phase) of a substance is
determined by
• how fast the particles are moving
• how strongly the particles are attracted to one
another.
How fast the particles move
and
How close the particles are to
each other
•depends on the amount of
thermal energy in each
particle. (kinetic energy)
•The more energy they have,
the faster they move and the
farther apart they move.
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles
which are in continual random
motion.
What is a Solid?
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definite shape
definite volume
tightly packed particles
particles vibrate around
a fixed position.
Heat
Types of Solids
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Crystalline
• Very orderly 3-D arrangement of
atoms or molecules
• Distinct melting point
• Examples: Salt, sugar, ice
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Amorphous
• No regular repeating pattern
• do not have a distinct melting
point, but simply become softer
and softer as their temperature
increases.
• Examples: glass, plastic, rubber
What happens if I heat a solid?
What is a LIQUID?
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Particles are tightly
packed, but are far
enough apart to slide
over one another.
definite volume and
an indefinite shape.
take on the shape of
their container.
Heat
Properties of Liquids
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Cohesion –particles stick to each other
Adhesion- particles stick to other stuff
Surface Tension- the “film” formed
on the surface of a liquid due to the
cohesion of the molecules
Viscosity- resistance to flow of a liquid
Watch these properties at work!
What happens if I heat a liquid?
What is a GAS?
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Particles are very far
apart and move
freely.
Particles spread out
to fill up their
container
indefinite shape
indefinite volume
Particles can be
compressed.
Heat
Molecular States of Water
Solids have a definite size and
shape.
Liquids have a definite size
but take on the shape of the
container.
Gases have no definite size or
shape and move into all
available space.
Learning Check
Match: (1) solid, (2) liquid, or (3) gas.
____ A. Has a definite volume, but shape
of the container.
____ B. Its particles are moving rapidly.
____ C. Fills the volume of a container.
____ D. Particles are in a fixed structure.
____ E. Particles are close together, but
slide over one another.
Solution
Match: (1) solid, (2) liquid, or (3) gas.
_2_ A. Has a definite volume, but shape
of the
container.
_3_ B. Its particles are moving rapidly.
_3_ C. Fills the volume of a container.
_1_ D. Particles are in a fixed structure.
_2_ E. Particles are close together, but
slide over one another.
But what happens if you raise the
temperature to super-high levels…
between
1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything
just be a gas?
What is PLASMA?
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A plasma is an
ionized gas.
A plasma is a very
good conductor of
electricity and is
affected by
magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases
have an indefinite
shape and an
indefinite volume.
Plasma is the
most common
state of matter
in the Universe!
Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames
2. Lightning
3. Aurora (Northern Lights)
The Sun is an example of a star in its
plasma state
What state is Oobleck?