Transcript Slide 1

Cycles in Nature
Essential nutrients are cycled
Biogeochemical cycles
through _______________
Biogeochemical
• ______________
_________
is the
cycle
exchange of matter
through the
biosphere involving
living organisms
(bio), geological
processes (geo), and
chemical processes
(chemical)
Water cycle
• Also known as the
Hydrologic
____________
cycle
• Circular pathway of
water
________
on Earth
from the
atmosphere, to the
surface, below
ground, and back
Water cycle
Precipitation
• _____________
such as
snow or rain falls to Earth
• Some seeps into ground,
some drops into ponds,
puddles
and some forms _______
• Some reenters the
atmosphere
_____________
through
evaporation and
transpiration
Oxygen Cycle
• Plants release _________
as a waste
oxygen
product during photosynthesis
___________
• Humans and other organisms take in
oxygen
________
and release _______
carbon ________
dioxide
respiration
through ____________
Carbon Cycle
• Sources of carbon
carbon
includes: ________
dioxide gas in
________
atmosphere,
bicarbonate dissolved
____________
in water, ________
Fossil
fuels
_______
which are
underground deposits of
natural gas, oil, or coal,
carbonate
___________
rocks, and
__________
dead
organic
matter
Transfer of Carbon
sun to convert
• Plants use energy from ______
carbon dioxide from air into organic
material that becomes part of the plant’s
structure
carbon moves through biotic world as one
– _________
organism eats another
Carbon Returns to Atmosphere
•
•
•
•
respiration
decomposition
Through __________
and ___________
Burning of __________
Fossil ________
fuels
Emissions from _________
factories
and _______
automobiles
methane emitted from wetlands, livestock,
_______
and landfills
Nitrogen Cycle
• 78 % of Earth’s
atmosphere is
made up of
________
nitrogen gas
• However most
organisms can
only use nitrogen
in the form of
ions such as
ammonium
____________
or _________
nitrate
Much of the Nitrogen Cycle occurs
underground
• Certain types of bacteria can convert
nitrogen gas into ammonia through
Nitrogen __________
fixation
_________
• Acidity in the soil converts the ammonia
into ___________
ammonium
• Other types of bacteria can convert
ammonium into nitrate though
____________
nitrification
• Nitrate released by soil bacteria are
taken up by ________
which
plants
convert them into amino acids and
proteins
continues
• Nitrogen _________
along the
cycle as animals eat plant or
animal matter
• When ___________
decomposers break down
animal excretions or dead animal
and plant matter, nitrogen is
returned to the soil as ammonium
Lightning
breaks
• Lightning’s energy _______
apart nitrogen
molecules in the atmosphere
oxygen
• Nitrogen recombines with ________
forming nitrogen oxide
• Nitrogen oxide and rainwater forms
soil
nitrates which are absorbed by ________
Phosphorus Cycle
Does not include an atmospheric portion
Phosphorus Cycle
• Phosphorus is __________
by weathering
released
of rocks
Plants
Fungus
• _________
and ________
take up
phosphate
• Moves through cycle as organisms feed
on these plants and fungus
• ________
and _________
Mining
Agricultural runoff increase
amount of phosphorus in the environment
Summary
• The chemical elements, such as carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, that
make up the molecules of living things
pass through food webs and are combined
and recombined in different ways.
• At each link in a food web, some energy is
stored in newly made structures but much
is dissipated into the environment as heat.