Transcript Institute for Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk

Institute for Microbiology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University
and St. Anna Faculty Hospital in Brno
MUDr. Lenka Černohorská Ph.D.
MICROBIOLOGY
AND MEDICINE
The 1st lecture for 2nd-year students
February, 2010
Recommended study materials
1) Basic textbooks
Greenwood et al.: Medical Microbiology,
17th Ed., 2007
Marsh P., Martin M.V.: Oral Microbiology
2) additional reading materials
Samaranayake: Essentional Microbiology
for dentistry
Lecture notes, list of questions
Protocols from practical exercises
History
1668 Antony van Leeuwenhoek began with microscopy
1818 † Ignaz Semmelweis (hand disinfection)
1749 * Edward Jenner, founder of vaccination against smallpox
1843 * Robert Koch (agents of TBC and cholera)
1864 Pasteur discovered that wine is spoiled by microbes
1879 Neisser discovered gonococci
1884 Metchnikoff described phagocytosis
Gram described „Gram staining“
1923 Dept. of Microbiology in St. Anna Hospital founded
1928 Fleming: penicillin discovered
1919 Bordet: Nobel prize for discovery of pertussis
1939 Domagk: effect of sulphonamides on gonococci
1954 Salk: inactivated vaccine against polio
1958 Beadle et al.: Nobel Prize for works on bacterial genetics
1993 Nobel Prize for PCR and for introns
What is the Medical Microbiology?
Medical microbiology = science about
microorganisms (microbes) that are
important in medicine relations
Microorganisms are so small we can only
see them in microscope!
What can microbes do?
1. can cause diseases of man or animalsthey are pathogenic
2. microbes can form so called normal
microflora of human beings and animals
Microbiology in dentistry
We will learn about:
•Infections in oral cavity + teeth – plaque,
parodontitis…
•Normal microflora of oral cavity
•Systemic diseases with typical signs in oral cavity
(herpes virus…)
Microbiology divisions
•
•
•
•
Bacteriology – is about bacteria
Mycology - study moulds & yeasts
Algology - algae
Parasitology - parasites ( protozoa,
helminths, arthropods)
Virology- study viruses
General microbiologyxSpecial
• Main principles, structure, growth, environment
factors, resistance, desinfection, immunity…
• Lectures in spring term
• Special microbiology
• Information about concrete bacteria/virus or
group of bacteria/viruses, their therapy and
diagnostic problems etc.
• Autumn term in practise lectures
General microbiologyxSpecial
2. Morphology and structure of bacteria
3. Bacterial growth
4. Microbes and their environment
5. Pathogenicity and virulence
6. Factors of pathogenicity
7. Course and forms of infection (special in oral cavity)
8. Antimicrobial therapy
9. The resident oral microflora
10. Biofilm
11. Dental plaque, dental caries
12. Immunity (specific and non-specific)
13. Active and passive immunization (vaccination)
Work at clinical microbiology
Control of patients dates: Name, birth, department…
Preparation of samples (lab staff): Urine, serum, blood, tissue,
smears…
Diagnostic testing: Cultivation, biochemistry, serological
reactions, susceptibility testing…
Result: Microb XY
Interpretation: Quantity – relevant/not relevant
Recommendations: Antibiotic therapy, we can offer other
reactions
When, Where, How, Why?
Think before sending a material!
• When: Timing is important! (hemocultures)
• Where: What kind of material should I send?
Serum, blood, urine, smear, tissue?
• How: Anaerobic/aerobic environment, special
tubes, transport temperature
• Why? How does it help me? What should I do
with result? Is therapy needed? What kind of
therapy do we use?
Don´t know some answer? Ask someone clever!
Cooperation of all components is needed!
Clinicians
medical staff
oncology
Medical staff
surgery
urology
Patient
adequate
therapy
microbiology
clinical
biochemistry
Clinical microbiologist
dentistry
Epidemiologist
epidemiology
orthopedy
Other questions + practise lectures:
[email protected]
Thank you for your attention