Contact lenses-2
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Transcript Contact lenses-2
Contact lenses-2
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Advanced Applications of Contact Lenses-2
Complications of contact lens wear
Instructor: Areej Okashah
7/1/2010
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Orthokeratology:
i.e. contact lens corneal reshaping: is the planned
application of specially designed RGP contact
lenses to reshape the cornea; this temporarily
reduces myopic refractive error & improves
unaided visual acuity.
This procedure allows patients to see well enough
in order to perform daily activities without the
need for spectacle or CLs correction for at least
part of the day…
Orthokeratology has been practiced for more
than 40 years; however its efficacy & safety still
controversial
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…
Overnight wear of ortho-K is relatively a recent
development
Remember that conventional rigid lenses have secondary &
peripheral curves that are progressively flatter than the
central (base) curve
Modern ortho-K lenses employs a reverse-geometry lenses
to produce the desired corneal changes; these lenses have
secondary peripheral radii of curvature that are steeper
than the back optic zone radius (BCR). This alteration in
design allows the lens to re-approach the cornea beyond
the base curve which results in improved lens centration. &
this steeper secondary curve causes the corneal tissue to
redistribute radially from the centre of the cornea causing
the central corneal epithelium to thin & the peripheral
epithelium to thicken leading to refractive error changes
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….
Recently used ortho-k lenses have high oxygen
permeability; which makes it possible to apply the lens on
extended wear bases or overnight wear schedule
Overnight wear of ortho-K lenses advantages include:
convenience for patient as no optical devices are required
during the course of the day; better ocular health as the
wearing time decreased; little adaptation to lens is
required; increased effectiveness because there is an
increased eyelid pressure from closed eyes & rapid eye
movement during sleep. & could retard myopia progression
in children.
Ortho-K has been found in some clinical trials to
correct 1.00-5.00 or 6.00 diopters of myopia & little
or no astigmatism
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….
Some patient discontinue ortho-k use because of:
residual astigmatism; poor comfort; treatment
failure; poor motivation; unideal lens fit
Overnight ortho-k could have some complications
e.g. corneal staining; corneal ulcer; CL
adherence these are relatively similar to
complications of using conventional CLs..
Good candidates: patients with one to six
diopters of myopia; & who have less than two
diopters of with-rule-astigmatism; & who have
pupil with small-or-average-diameter
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Ocular complications
related to contact lens
wear…………………..
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Complications of CL wear:::
Corneal vascularization
Immunologic complications
Infectious keratitis
Mechanical complications
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Corneal vascularization CV
Vascularization i.e. neovascularization is the
appearance of new vessels within a tissue
In general its not uncommon
CL wear is the major risk factor for CV
The risk of CV is not the same for all CL types;
e.g. RGP lens < soft
When firstly detected; new vessels is a warning
sign for further damage,
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CV could scatter incident light & reduce corneal
transparency; there could be a potential for
visual interference
CV is an indicative sign for immune privilege
within anterior the chamber this could increase
the risk of infection or inflammation
Hypoxia, epithelial injury (could affect the
integrity of tear film)& wearing time (longer
wearing time is associated with higher risk for
CV), significance of limbal hyperaemia are risk
factors that can be associated with CV
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Treatment outcomes are better when CV is
detected early….
firstly should remove the causative factor in
this case CL
Evaluate lens fitting characteristics ;
material properties; cleanliness
(deposits); lens parameters
Advice: reduce wearing time; switch to
another lens material; water content; DK
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Infectious keratitis
Causes of non-infectious keratitis: tear film abnormalities;
immune reaction; chemical injuries etc.
Causes of infectious include: bacteria; protozoa; fungi;
viruses
Risk factors in infectious keratitis: alteration of ocular
normal flora (e.g. staphylococcus epidermidis; S aureus,
propionibacterium acnes); noncompliance with standard CL
disinfection and storage (mostly pseudomonas); virulent
organisms (e.g. Serratia & Bacillus in CL solutions);
contaminated CL (mostly pseudomonas); diabetes mellitus
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Bacterial keratitis non-related to contact lens
wear mainly caused by gram-positive bacteria
e.g. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus
Bacterial keratitis related to CL wear mainly
caused by Gram-negative bacteria e.g.
Pseudomonas; Serratia.
Protozoal keratitis related to CL wear: e.g.
Acanthamoeba ; usually from contaminated lens
solution
Viral infections related to CL wear are rare but
could enhance other microbial infections of the
cornea
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Common symptoms for infective keratitis:
pain; photophobia; tearing;
blepharospasm; reduced vision, discharge
(watery, or purulent)
Treatment could include :antimicrobial
agents (e.g. neomycin; chloramphenicol);
steroids; penetrating keratoplasty
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Final exam: all the course material’s
except the 1st material
Good Luck with your finals
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