Transcript The Earth – which picture is correct?

The Earth
Which picture is correct?
Great Britain
Brazil
A
India
Great Britain
Brazil
Great Britain
Brazil
B
India
Copyright 2004 Science
Enhancement Programme
C
India
Great Britain
B
Brazil
Why?
India
Newton said – GRAVITY!
Gilbert said – MAGNETISM!
What evidence is there ?
Copyright 2004 Science
Enhancement Programme
There is no feeling of movement
when you stand still on the Earth.
The stars move across the sky.
EAST
The Moon rises in the east,
moves across the sky and sets in
the west.
WEST
Some planets change direction
as they move across the sky.
Scientists have observed moons
going around the planet Jupiter.
EAST
WEST
The Sun rises in the east, moves
across the sky and sets in the
west.
Other evidence
• The North Star doesn’t move in the
sky.
• Planets move across the sky from
west to east.
• The Moon’s appearance changes
each day (phases of the Moon).
• Stars are in patterns (constellations),
which move around the North Star.
Babylonians
2000 BCE
• The Universe is made of a number of spheres,
like the layers of an onion.
• The Sun, planets and stars are attached to these
spheres and move around the sky as the
spheres move around the Earth.
• The Sun and Moon always move eastwards on
their sphere.
• Inferior planets move eastwards then reverse
direction.
• Superior planets usually move eastwards. They
move westwards very rarely.
• Planets change speed and brightness over time,
but there is a pattern in these changes.
Aristarchus
250 BCE
• The Sun is big and is the only source of light in
the Universe, therefore it must be at the centre
of the Universe.
• The Sun is about twenty times bigger than the
moon, but it is twenty times further away.
• The stars appear to move across the sky
because the Earth is rotating.
• The planets reflect light from the Sun and are
further from the Earth than the Sun is from the
Earth.
Copernicus
1543 CE
• The Sun is at the centre of the Solar
System.
• The Earth rotates on its axis once a day.
• The Earth travels around the Sun once
every year.
• Planets move in circular paths (called
orbits) around the Sun.
• The order of planets from the Sun is:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn.
Kepler
© 1600 AD
• The Sun is at the centre of the Solar System
• The Earth rotates on its axis once a day
• The Earth travels around the Sun once every
year
• Planets move in elliptical paths (called orbits)
around the Sun
• The order of the planets from the Sun is:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn.
Aristotle/Ptolemy © 150 BC
• The Universe is made up of fifty-five crystal
spheres.
• The Sun, planets and stars are attached to these
spheres.
• The spheres rotate at different speeds.
• The Earth is at the centre of the spheres.
• Then the order is: Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun,
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, stars.
• The outermost planet is called the ‘Prime
Mover’. As it rotates it makes the inner spheres
rotate.
Bible
© 1500 BC
• The Universe is made up of a number of spheres, like
the layers of an onion.
• The Sun, planets and stars are attached to these
spheres and move around the sky as the spheres move
around the Earth.
• The Sun and Moon always move eastwards on their
spheres.
• Inferior planets move eastwards then reverse direction
• Superior planets usually move eastwards. They move
westwards very rarely.
• Planets change speed and brightness over time, but
there is a pattern in these changes.
? Questions ?
1. What daily observations supported the ancients’
view that the Earth was the centre of their
universe?
2. Were the ancients adopting a scientific method?
3. Were the people who put forward these ideas
poor scientists, if we know they were wrong?
Explain your answer.
4. What other evidence was used to develop the
modern view that the Earth orbits the Sun?