Transcript LB145-lecture3

Announcements
• Contracts? OHs 4-5pm
• Group work:
“Marriage is hard work” meet/eat/speak +
“More brains” teach/don’t compete
• Stand up- if read, took notes, & studied
• Who already started writing their paper?
• Tips on DRAFT1: find role, focus, consult
I to A, science=prediction, turnitin.com
What is a 4.0?
In the university grading system
If a student does what was asked of them
on an assignment and does a pretty good job
that's what grade?
a. 4.0
b. 3.5
c. 3.0
d. 2.5
e. other
What is a 4.0?
In the university grading system
• 2.0-2.5 "Pretty Good" the student did the work required and a pretty
good job, the average in the class.
What is a 4.0?
In the university grading system
• The “4.0” is Outstanding, is the student blew you away with how
much and how well they did the work. They taught you something.
• A “3.5” is Most Excellent every detail of their work was done
extremely well and they found additional papers and evidence
beyond what they were told/expected to do, to complete their work.
• A “3.0” is Excellent is impressive work, top of the class, and their
work was done extremely well but not beyond what expected.
• 2.0-2.5 "Pretty Good" the student did the work required and a pretty
good job, the average in the class.
Let’s play “You teach the class.”
(get ready to explain sickle cell)
Fig. 23-17
Frequencies of the
sickle-cell allele
0–2.5%
Distribution of
malaria caused by
Plasmodium falciparum
(a parasitic unicellular eukaryote)
2.5–5.0%
5.0–7.5%
7.5–10.0%
10.0–12.5%
>12.5%
Benefits of sickle cell?
Frequencies of the
sickle-cell allele
0–2.5%
Distribution of
malaria caused by
Plasmodium falciparum
(a parasitic unicellular eukaryote)
2.5–5.0%
5.0–7.5%
7.5–10.0%
10.0–12.5%
>12.5%
Fig. 17-22
Wild-type hemoglobin DNA
C T T
3
5
G A A
Mutant hemoglobin DNA
C A T
5 3
G T A
3 5
mRNA
5
5
3
mRNA
G A A
Normal hemoglobin
Glu
3 5
G U A
Sickle-cell hemoglobin
Val
3
Fig. 5-22
Normal hemoglobin
Primary
structure
Val His Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Secondary
and tertiary
structures
 subunit
Function
Normal
hemoglobin
(top view)
Secondary
and tertiary
structures
1
2
3
Normal red blood
cells are full of
individual
hemoglobin
moledules, each
carrying oxygen.
6
7
 subunit

Sickle-cell
hemoglobin

Function

Molecules
interact with
one another and
crystallize into
a fiber; capacity
to carry oxygen
is greatly reduced.
10 µm
Red blood
cell shape
5
Exposed
hydrophobic
region

Molecules do
not associate
with one
another; each
carries oxygen.
4

Quaternary
structure

Val His Leu Thr Pro Val Glu


Quaternary
structure
Sickle-cell hemoglobin
Primary
structure
10 µm
Red blood
cell shape
Fibers of abnormal
hemoglobin deform
red blood cell into
sickle shape.
Fig. 20-10
Quiz tomorrow will focus on the Figures
Normal -globin allele
175 bp
DdeI
Sickle-cell
allele
Large fragment
201 bp
DdeI
Normal
allele
DdeI
DdeI
Large
fragment
Sickle-cell mutant -globin allele
376 bp
DdeI
201 bp
175 bp
Large fragment
376 bp
DdeI
(a) DdeI restriction sites in normal and
sickle-cell alleles of -globin gene
DdeI
(b) Electrophoresis of restriction fragments
from normal and sickle-cell alleles
Ribosomes
So what does a bacteria cell have & we don’t?
Plasmids
Cytoplasm
Chromosome
Flagellum
Plasma
membrane
Cell wall
So what does a bacteria cell have & we don’t?
A. The plasma membrane surrounding it
B. Chromosomes with DNA to make RNA
C. Ribosomes making proteins
D. The cell wall surrounding it
E. None of the above are correct
Nucleus
Plasma membrane
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
What does animal cell have that plants don’t?
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast
Bacteria
Cell wall
What does animal cell have that plants don’t?
A. A single plasma membrane surrounding it
B. Mitochondria
C. A true Nucleus
D. The cell wall surrounding it
E. None of the above