Transcript Trauma and Pathology

Trauma and Pathology
• Cause of Death- what caused an individual to
die (heart attack, brain aneurism, gunshot)- FA
cannot call this one
•
• Manner of Death- in what manner did they
die (suicide, homicide, natural, accidental)
• Pathology
• Pathology is the study of diseases.
• Trauma• There are 4 forms of trauma that affect bone:
Fractures, dislocations, post-traumatic
deformity, or miscellaneous traumatic
conditions
• The most common form of bone trauma is
fractures
Fractures
Trauma
There are three main types of trauma:
• Blunt Force
• Stab or Sharp Force trauma
• GunShot Wounds- wound produce by a
projectile.
– Entry wounds usually consist of small round holes
about the size of the bullet used.
– Exit wounds are often large, ovoid wounds (blow outs)
that shatter the opposite site of the head (depending
on the caliber)
– Beveling shows the direction in which force was
applied to bone. Bone will bend away from the
direction force was applied.
• There are 3 types of beveling: Inward, outward, reverse
Sharp Force
Blunt Force and Gunshot Wounds
• Bass GSW
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7h2aODJz
Ww8&feature=related
• Bass blunt force
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbIftlX58L
o&feature=related
Stages of Trauma
Trauma can occur at three different stages:
• Antemortem- shows signs of healing
• Perimortem- shows no signs of healing; breaks
more jagged and duller edges (wet bone)
• Post mortem- identified through coloration
and weathering; breaks straighter with
sharper edges (dry bone)
Post Mortem Interval (PMI)
Many types of changes to a body occur after death. Some
of those that can be used to determine the post
mortem interval are:
• Algor mortis - body cooling;
• Rigor mortis - stiffening of limbs;
• Forensic entomology - insect activity on the corpse;
• Vitreous humour changes - eye chemistry;
• State of decomposition - autolysis (process of self
digestion) and putrefaction (process caused by bacteria
found within the body)
A person who judges the time of death by the means of decomposition is privy to a
simple five stage process:
• Stage 1: Initial Decay - This is basically where the body will stop producing
antigens and enzymes that are used to fight off bacteria located mainly in the
lower intestine.
• Stage 2: Putrefaction - Because the body no longer has a defense system in place
the bacteria grow and multiply by feeding off the body. They will begin to bring
forth certain gases, which in turn will give the dead body a sort of bloated look
and will cause a rather unpleasant odor.
• Stage 3: Black Putrefaction - This stage will bring further discoloration to the body
(whether it be black, blue, purple, green etc.). It will also have an even more
horrendous odor as the gases caused by the bacteria begin to escape out of the
body.
• Stage 4: Butyric Fermentation - Where the internal organs begin to liquefy and
the body will begin to desiccate-or dry out.
• Stage 5: Dry Rot - This is the slowest process out of the five stages. Basically, as
the name indicates, the body will slowly begin to dry out and ultimately
skeletonize.
time lapsed PMI of pig
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7e6jxW07R
dU&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSDCiOW
81mk tour of the body farm