Transcript MRSA Power Point Presentation by DC Health Department

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Bacteria that lives as
normal human flora on
the skin and nose
 25% -30% of the
population has the
organism in nose and
on skin
 Can live in the
environment for a long
time (days to months)
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
is a type of bacteria that is resistant to certain
antibiotics. These antibiotics include methicillin and
other more common antibiotics such as oxacillin,
penicillin and amoxicillin.
Other names for MRSA include:
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Multiple-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA)
Hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA)
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2005 Estimates of Infection in the United
States – 94,360
In 2005, estimated 18,650 persons died
during the hospital stay from serious MRSA
infections
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Skin-to-skin contact with someone who has a
Staph infection
Contact with items and surfaces that have
Staph on them
Opening in the skin such as cuts or scrapes
Crowded living conditions
Poor hygiene
Incubation period from exposure to infection depends on many factors
The 5 c’s
Crowding
Frequent skin-to-skin
Contact
 Compromised skin (i.e.
cuts or abrasions)
 Contaminated items
and surfaces
 Lack of Cleanliness
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Common locations
 Schools
 Dormitories
 Military barracks
 Households
 Correctional facilities
 Daycare centers
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85% of all MRSA infections occurred in the
healthcare system
2/3 occurred outside the hospital setting such
as long term care, skilled nursing homes,
home care, hemodyalisis centers and
physicians offices
20% of blood stream infections caused by
Staph in hospital setting
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Occurs in community based settings
Community isolates are more sensitive
How do you know that you have MRSA?
In the community most MRSA infections are skin
infections that may appear as pustules or boils which
often are red, swollen, painful, or have pus or other
drainage. These skin infections commonly occur at sites
of visible skin trauma, such as cuts and abrasions, and
areas of the body covered by hair (e.g., back of neck,
groin, buttock, armpit, beard area of men).
Symptoms
Skin infections:
1) redness
2) warmth
3) swelling
4) painful lesions
(sores)
5) boils and
blisters.
The symptoms of infection depend on the part
of the body infected.
Persons may have the bacteria in their lungs
Symptoms
Respiratory illness:
1) fever
2) cough
3) shortness of breath
4) fatigue.
Symptoms
Infections can also
occur in:
1) surgical
wounds
2)
burns
3)
catheter sites
4)
blood.
More serious infections,
such as pneumonia,
bloodstream infections,
or bone infections, are
very rare in healthy
people who get MRSA
skin infections.
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Almost all MRSA skin
infections can be
effectively treated by
drainage of pus with or
without antibiotics.
Use of non-penicillin
antibiotics
Symptoms
Sometimes
persons may be
a carrier of
MRSA. This
means it is
living in their
body without
causing them
to be sick.
Methods of Preventing MRSA
Contact with carriers
Is it safe to
have contact
with persons
who are
infected with
MRSA or those
who may be
"carriers"?
If basic hygiene precautions are
followed, MRSA carriers are not
a hazard to others including
their family and friends.
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Practice appropriate first
aid at all times
Cover all wounds. Clean
dressings should be
applied daily
Use gloves to avoid
exposure and crosscontamination
Handle soiled dressings
with gloves
Wash hands frequently
after exposure to
contaminated person or
equipment
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Encourage careful hand
washing - the single most
effective way to control
spread of MRSA.
Encourage frequent hand
washing with soap and
warm water.
Encourage students to
keep their fingernails clean
and clipped short.
Avoid contact with other
people’s wounds or
anything contaminated by
a wound.
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Avoid sharing personal
items such as razors, body
jewelry, towels,
deodorant, or soap that
directly touch the body.
Clean and disinfect objects
(such as gym and sports
equipment) before use.
Wash dirty clothes, linens,
and towels with hot water
and laundry detergent.
Using a hot dryer, rather
than air-drying, also helps
kill bacteria.
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Encourage students who
participate in contact
sports to shower
immediately after each
practice, game, or
match.
Keep open or draining
sores and lesions clean
and covered. Anyone
assisting with wound
care should wear gloves
and wash their hands
with soap and water
after dressing changes.
The decision to close a school for any communicable disease should be made by school officials in
consultation with local and/or state public health officials. However, in most cases, it is not
necessary to close schools because of an MRSA infection in a student. It is important to note that
MRSA transmission can be prevented by simple measures such as hand hygiene and covering
infections.
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Covering infections will greatly
reduce the risks of surfaces
becoming contaminated with
MRSA. In general it is not
necessary to close schools to
"disinfect" them when MRSA
infections occur. MRSA skin
infections are transmitted
primarily by skin-to-skin contact
and contact with surfaces that
have come into contact with
someone else's infection.
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When MRSA skin infections
occur, cleaning and disinfection
should be performed on surfaces
that are likely to contact
uncovered or poorly covered
infections.
Cleaning surfaces with
detergent-based cleaners or
Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA)-registered
disinfectants is effective at
removing MRSA from the
environment. {List available}
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Usually, it should not be necessary
to inform the entire school
community about a single MRSA
infection. When an MRSA infection
occurs within the school population,
the school nurse and school
physician should determine, based
on their medical judgment, whether
some or all students, parents and
staff should be notified.
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Consultation with the local public
health authorities should be used to
guide this decision.
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Remember that staphylococcus
(staph) bacteria, including MRSA,
have been and remain a common
cause of skin infections.
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Consult with your school about its
policy for notification of skin
infections.
Unless directed by a
physician, students with
MRSA infections should
not be excluded from
attending school.
Exclusion from school and
sports activities should be
reserved for those with
wound drainage ("pus")
that cannot be covered and
contained with a clean, dry
bandage and for those who
cannot maintain good
personal hygiene.
Poughkeepsie Journal Editorial – October 31, 2007
Thank you for your
attention
Dutchess County
Department of
Health
Communicable
Disease Control
Division
845-486-3402
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http://cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/ar_
mrsa.html
http://www.tpchd.org/page.ph
p?id=364
http://www.mayoclinic.com/he
alth/mrsa/DS00735
http://www.cdc.gov/Features/M
RSAinSchools/#q3