Transcript Anaemia, Osteoporosis & Dental Decay

Anaemia, Osteoporosis & Dental
Decay
ANAEMIA
• Haemoglobin – Protein that carries oxygen in
blood. Located in Red Blood Cells (RBC).
• Anaemia – inadequate level of RBC’s or
haemoglobin.
Anaemia - Symptoms
• Pale skin (RBC’s give skin it’s pigment, or
colour).
• Breathlessness (your body trying to take in
more oxygen because your cells aren’t getting
enough).
• Headaches ( no oxygen in brain)
• Drop in blood pressure (heart not pumping as
hard – needs oxygen)
Anaemia – two types.
• Iron deficiency anaemia –
• Iron is an essential component of
haemoglobin.
• No iron, no haemoglobin, no oxygen –
anaemia.
• Folate deficiency anaemia
• Folate is important at all stages of
development, as it helps produce DNA, which
is used to construct every cell in our body.
• Less folate, less RBC’s being produced, less
oxygen carrying capacity – anaemia.
Causes and preventions
• Causes
• Not enough iron or folate.
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Prevention
Eat iron and folate!
Iron – found in (p57)
Folate – found in (p59)
Vitamin C also aids in absorption of iron.
OSTEOPOROSIS
• “Pregressive degeneration of structure,
density and strength of bones.
• Osteo = bone
porosis = porous (has holes in it)
Peak bone mass.
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Heaviest and strongest our bones get.
Increases through childhood and puberty.
Peak bone mass occurs at around 30.
Decreases for rest of life.
• It is important to note that osteoporosis is not
necessarily avoidable. It is inevitable that our
bones will get weaker, but we are in control of
how much this will happen.
Causes
• Lack of protein or calcium. Much of the body’s
calcium is locked up in bones. If we run out,
where do you think it gets it from?
• Too much sodium. Sodium and calcium are
transported by the body in the same way. If you
consume high amounts of calcium and sodium at
the same time, much of the calcium will be
excreted.
• Diuretics – (makes you wee) like alcohol &
caffeine.
Prevention
• Eat calcium regularly. Calcium is a very
important mineral and gets used every day.
So, if we are not getting it every day, we will
take it from our bones.
DENTAL DECAY
• Teeth have a protective layer called ‘enamel’.
• If food matter (plaque) stays in our mouth, it
carries bacteria.
• The bacteria combine which sugar and starch
molecules in the food to eat away at the
enamel until they are removed.
Causes
• Dental decay required three things – bacteria,
sugar and a vulnerable tooth surface.
• High sugar foods provide the bacteria with the
chemicals they need to function.
• Not brushing, flossing or using mouthwash
allows these bacteria to remain on the mouth.
Prevention
• Eat lots of calcium – makes teeth and enamel
harder and stronger.
• Dairy foods contain proteins that form a coating
on tooth enamel and stimulates saliva
production, which washes away bacteria.
• Drink water – washes bacreria away.
• Chewing food more/chewing sugarless gum –
more saliva.
• Don’t eat lots of sugar.
• BRUSH YOUR TEETH.