Transcript Module 1 Modified

Module 1: How to Define Life
How do you design an experiment?
A. Problem/Purpose
1.
The question the lab will answer
2. Identifies the independent and dependent
variables
a. Independent variable – the factor the scientist
changes from group to group
b. Dependent variable – the factor the scientist
measures to see the effect of the independent
variable
Variables and Controls Videoclip
How do you design an experiment?
B. Research/Background
Information
1.
2.
Lets the reader learn about the
topic
Helps the scientist develop an
educated hypothesis
C. Hypothesis
1.
2.
An educated prediction
Can be tested, proven false, and
agrees with previous research
How do you design an experiment?

D. Procedure/Experiment
1.
Steps must be precise and detailed
2.
Has one control group
a. Normal conditions or absence of independent variable
b. Used for comparison
3.
Experimental group(s) have only one changing variable
(which is the independent variable)
How do you design an experiment?

E. Observations/Data
1. Must be objective.
a.
Good Example: The bacterial colony is yellow.
b.
Bad Example: The bacterial colony is nasty.
2. Use measurements whenever possible.
a.
Good Example: There are 50 bacterial colonies.
b.
Bad Example: There are a whole bunch of colonies.
How do you design an experiment?
E. Observations/Data
4.
Do not draw conclusions in the data section of the report.
a. Good Example: There are bacteria and fungal colonies in
the shoe section.
b. Bad Example: The shoe was really dirty and so it was the
most contaminated and grew a lot of stuff.
5.
Should be organized.
a. May use a graph, table, or drawing(s).
b. Always include units of measurement and a title.
How do you design an experiment?
F. Analysis/Conclusions
1.
2.
3.
Answers the purpose
question.
Accepts or rejects the
hypothesis.
Explains what can be
inferred from the data.
Design an Experiment YouTube
How do we know it is “good
science”?
A.
Scientific knowledge must be shared, which allows other scientists
to repeat and verify the work of others (peer review).
A. Scientific knowledge is tentative.
1.
Theories are the most logical explanation based on current
evidence, become stronger as more evidence is gathered, and
give us a basis for prediction.
2.
Laws are universal generalizations that are virtually
unchanging.
Bio Journal 1/31
From the list below, write down the things that you
think are considered “living”.
Tree rock fire fossil butterfly mushroom boy
rabbit cloud molecule feather grass seed egg
sun potato leaf cell
wind
bacteria
Explain your thinking. What “rule” or reasoning did
you use to decide if something could be considered
living?
Agenda 1/31
 Review STERNGRR and Characteristics
of Living Things
 Check Bacterial Plates, finish lab reports
 STERNGRR matching activity
 Handbook homework jumpstart
How do you know something is
alive?
A. Biology means the study of (-ology) all life (bio-) and
includes many branches.
B. Biologists organize living things into kingdoms. There are
currently six kingdoms
Kingdom
Example
Archaebacteria
Extremophile bacteria
Eubacteria
Typical bacteria
Protista
Seaweed, Amoeba, Slime Mold
Fungi
Yeast, Mushrooms
Plantae
Moss, Fern, Holly, Oak tree
Animalia
, Fish, Birds, Frogs, Humans
How do you know
something is alive?
B. Characteristics of Life - Alive! Videoclip
1. Organization (The level of complexity)
Organism
Organ System
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Molecules
Atoms / Elements
How do you know something is
alive?
b. All living things need six essential
elements (atoms): Carbon, Hydrogen,
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
(CHNOPS)
c. All living things are made of cells.
b.
One-celled organism – unicellular
c.
Many-celled organism multicellular
electron
neutron
proton

2. Energy Use
a. Organisms need energy
constantly to build
molecules (synthesis)
and cells and to break
down (digest) substances
(such as breaking down
food for nutrition)
b. Organisms must
transport nutrients to be
used in cellular
respiration to produce
energy.
c. An organisms’ chemical
reactions are called its
metabolism
How do you
know something
is alive?
How do you know something is
alive?

3. Reproduction
a. Organisms must
replace themselves so
the entire species will
survive.
b. May be asexual (only
one individual
contributes genetic
material) or sexual
(two individuals
contribute genes).
How do you know something is
alive?

4. Growth and Development
a. Growth – to increase in size. Increases the
number of cells of a multicellular organism.
b. Development – change that takes place in
structure and function of an organism during
its life cycle.
Example: Embryo becomes a fetus
human growth & dvpt.
How do you know something is
alive?
5. Respond to Stimuli
a. A quick, nonpermanent change
b. Stimulus – any
condition that causes
an organism to react.
Example – A loud noise
(stimulus) causes your
dog to run under the
bed (response).
How do you know something is
alive?
6. Adjust to
Environment

a.Homeostasis - the
regulation of an
organism’s internal
environment to
maintain
conditions
suitable for life
Ex: Getting rid of
wastes by excretion
How do you know something is
alive?
 b. An adaptation is
an inherited
structure, behavior,
or internal process
that enables
organisms to better
survive an
environment.
 Ex: Gills on a fish
 This morning, you walked out of your
house and felt the cold air. So, you
walked your smart butt back inside and
got a coat.
 Is this an adaptation?
 Is this a response?
Recap:
Within these
characteristics,
life processes
are occurring
 6 Characteristics of Living
Things:
 Organization
 Energy Use/Metabolism
 Adjustment to environment
 Growth & Development
 Response
 Reproduction
At the cellular
level!!!
We call these life
processes…STERNGRR!!!
Organism
1. Organization
Organ System
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Molecules
Atoms / Elements
STERNGRR!!!
2. Energy Use/Metabolism
 Synthesis: making (in photosynthesis,
plants use light energy to make food)
 Transport: moving (our circulatory system
moves oxygen and nutrients in our bodies)
 Nutrition (food) is needed by living
organisms so it can be broken down
 Respiration: used by a living organism to
break down food and produce energy
Image sources: janekdickenson.com, factmonster.com, webquest.hawaii.edu
3. Growth & Development
 Growth &
Development: single
organism getting
bigger in size
4. Reproduction
 Reproduction:
producing more
individuals
Image source: blog.lib.umn.edu, http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bsci111b/embryo/embryo.htm
5. Adjust to Environment
 Excretion: helps an
organism to maintain
homeostasis by getting rid
of waste materials
 Regulation: includes
responding to stimuli and
making adjustments to
help maintain
homeostasis
6. Response to stimuli
Life Processes: STERNGRR
Synthesis – making materials
Transport – moving materials
Excretion – getting rid of wastes
Respiration – gas exchange AND production of
energy (ATP)
Nutrition – gaining and using energy from food
Growth and Development – getting bigger and/or
changing
Regulation – controlling internal processes
Reproduction – producing new cells or new
organisms
S
T
E
R
N
G
R
R
Word
Definition
Example (in humans)
Synthesis
To Make
Building
muscle