Transcript think!

Protists
What is a Protist?
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The Protist Kingdom is also known as the “Junk Drawer Kingdom”.
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THINK! What does this nickname imply about the kingdom?
 The organisms in this kingdom are so different from each
other
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However, all protists do share 2 characteristics
 They all have a nucleus
 They all live in moist surroundings
Protist Groupings
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Because protists are such a diverse group, scientists group them into 3
different categories:
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THINK! – What characteristics do you think all animal-like protists share?
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All are heterotrophs and
can move from one place to another
THINK! – What characteristic do you think all plant-like protists share?
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Animal-like Protists
Plant-like Protists
Fungus-like Protists
All are autotrophs
THINK! – What characteristics do you think all fungus-like protists share?
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All are heterotrophs, have cell walls, and reproduce by spores
Animal-like Protists
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Amoebas
 Cell Structure: These are unicellular organisms.
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Movement: They move with a pseudopod, meaning “false
foot.” This is when the cell membrane fills with cytoplasm and
pushes forward. They are known as shape shifters as they
constantly change their shape by cytoplasmic streaming.
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Nutrition: They eat bacteria and other small protists using
pseudopods to surround, or engulf, the food into a new food
vacuole. Excess water is controlled and expelled from an
amoeba through a contractile vacuole.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
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Reproduction: Amoebas reproduce by binary fission.
Take a Look at an Amoeba’s Structure!
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United Streaming Clip on Amoebas!
Monsters Inside Me – Brain Eating Amoeba http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-the-braineating-amoeba.html
Animal-like Protists
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Paramecium
 Cell Structure: These are unicellular organisms that have an
outer pellicle.
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Movement: They move with tiny hairlike projections called cilia
that cover the entire cell. Think of cilia as “tiny oars” that help to
propel the cell forward.
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Nutrition: Cilia sweep food such as bacteria and other small
protists into the cell. Food is stored and digested in food
vacuoles.
• THINK! – Are paramecia heterotrophic or autotrophic?
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Reproduction: Paramecia usually reproduce by binary fission
but occasionally use conjugation to mix up the genes and
increase genetic diversity.
Let’s Take a look at a Paramecium!
United Streaming Clip on Paramecium!
Paramecium Eating Pigmented Yeast
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9ymaSzcsdY&feature=related
Paramecium in HD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4aZE5FQ284&feature=fvwrel
Plant-like Protists
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Euglenoids
 Cell Structure: These are unicellular organisms.
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Movement: They move by using a flagellum.
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Nutrition: They contain chloroplasts which capture sunlight
and turn it into food. However, sometimes when there is no
light, they must seek out their food. An eyespot senses light.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
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Reproduction: Euglenas reproduce by binary fission
Let’s look at the Structure of A Euglena
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United Streaming Clip on Euglena!
Euglena Movement - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7nEWUjk3A
Euglena Under Microscope http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=4MlR3dKfXmc&NR=
1
Plant-like Protists
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Diatoms
 Cell Structure: These are unicellular with beautifull glass-like
cell walls. Their shells are used in toothpaste, silver polish, pool
filters etc.
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Movement: They move by oozing chemicals out of their cell
walls and then gliding gracefully over the slime on the surface
of fresh or salty water.
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Nutrition: They make their own food by capturing sunlight.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
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Reproduction: Diatoms reproduce by binary fission
Let’s take a look at Diatoms!
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United Streaming Clip on Diatoms!
Plant-like protists
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Algae (Green, Red, and Brown)
 Cell Structure: Most green algae is unicellular. However,
some green algae such as seaweed are multicellular. Red and
brown algae are multicellular.
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Movement: Most algae are anchored to rocks or are floating in
fresh or salty water.
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Nutrition: They make their own food by capturing sunlight.
Green algae have a green pigment, red algae have a red
pigment, and brown algae have a brown pigment.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
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Reproduction: Most reproduce sexually.
Let’s take a look at Simple
Green Algae!
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Refer to the diagrams on page 88!
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United Streaming Clip on Simple, Unicellular Green Algae!
Let’s take a look at Simple
Green Algae!
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Refer to the diagrams in
textbook!
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Video Clip -Importance of
Algae in the Environment
Fungus-like Protists
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Water Molds
 Cell Structure: Water molds grow as tiny threads that look like
fuzzy coverings.
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Movement: They are able to move at some point in their life.
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Nutrition: Many feed off of crops such as potatoes, cabbages,
corn, and grapes. Water molds led to the great Irish potato
famine in 1845 that lead to over 1 million deaths of Irish
people.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
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Reproduction: Most reproduce by spores. Spores are tiny
cells that have the potential to develop into an entirely new
organism.
Fungus-like Protists
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Slime-Molds
 Cell Structure: Slime molds are multicellular mass when they
are clumped together as seen above. They are beautifully
colored with many being a bright yellow.
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Movement: They move in an amoeba-like way using
pseudopods and oozing along the surfaces.
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Nutrition: They feed on bacteria and decaying material.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
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Reproduction: Most reproduce by spores.
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BEAUTY AND THE BLOB http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2011/10/04/science/20111004SLIME.html
Movies of Slime Mold (Princeton Univ) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkVhLJLG7ug
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