Transcript think!
Protists
What is a Protist?
The Protist Kingdom is also known as the “Junk Drawer Kingdom”.
THINK! What does this nickname imply about the kingdom?
The organisms in this kingdom are so different from each
other
However, all protists do share 2 characteristics
They all have a nucleus
They all live in moist surroundings
Protist Groupings
Because protists are such a diverse group, scientists group them into 3
different categories:
THINK! – What characteristics do you think all animal-like protists share?
All are heterotrophs and
can move from one place to another
THINK! – What characteristic do you think all plant-like protists share?
Animal-like Protists
Plant-like Protists
Fungus-like Protists
All are autotrophs
THINK! – What characteristics do you think all fungus-like protists share?
All are heterotrophs, have cell walls, and reproduce by spores
Animal-like Protists
Amoebas
Cell Structure: These are unicellular organisms.
Movement: They move with a pseudopod, meaning “false
foot.” This is when the cell membrane fills with cytoplasm and
pushes forward. They are known as shape shifters as they
constantly change their shape by cytoplasmic streaming.
Nutrition: They eat bacteria and other small protists using
pseudopods to surround, or engulf, the food into a new food
vacuole. Excess water is controlled and expelled from an
amoeba through a contractile vacuole.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
Reproduction: Amoebas reproduce by binary fission.
Take a Look at an Amoeba’s Structure!
United Streaming Clip on Amoebas!
Monsters Inside Me – Brain Eating Amoeba http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-the-braineating-amoeba.html
Animal-like Protists
Paramecium
Cell Structure: These are unicellular organisms that have an
outer pellicle.
Movement: They move with tiny hairlike projections called cilia
that cover the entire cell. Think of cilia as “tiny oars” that help to
propel the cell forward.
Nutrition: Cilia sweep food such as bacteria and other small
protists into the cell. Food is stored and digested in food
vacuoles.
• THINK! – Are paramecia heterotrophic or autotrophic?
Reproduction: Paramecia usually reproduce by binary fission
but occasionally use conjugation to mix up the genes and
increase genetic diversity.
Let’s Take a look at a Paramecium!
United Streaming Clip on Paramecium!
Paramecium Eating Pigmented Yeast
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9ymaSzcsdY&feature=related
Paramecium in HD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4aZE5FQ284&feature=fvwrel
Plant-like Protists
Euglenoids
Cell Structure: These are unicellular organisms.
Movement: They move by using a flagellum.
Nutrition: They contain chloroplasts which capture sunlight
and turn it into food. However, sometimes when there is no
light, they must seek out their food. An eyespot senses light.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
Reproduction: Euglenas reproduce by binary fission
Let’s look at the Structure of A Euglena
United Streaming Clip on Euglena!
Euglena Movement - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7nEWUjk3A
Euglena Under Microscope http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=4MlR3dKfXmc&NR=
1
Plant-like Protists
Diatoms
Cell Structure: These are unicellular with beautifull glass-like
cell walls. Their shells are used in toothpaste, silver polish, pool
filters etc.
Movement: They move by oozing chemicals out of their cell
walls and then gliding gracefully over the slime on the surface
of fresh or salty water.
Nutrition: They make their own food by capturing sunlight.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
Reproduction: Diatoms reproduce by binary fission
Let’s take a look at Diatoms!
United Streaming Clip on Diatoms!
Plant-like protists
Algae (Green, Red, and Brown)
Cell Structure: Most green algae is unicellular. However,
some green algae such as seaweed are multicellular. Red and
brown algae are multicellular.
Movement: Most algae are anchored to rocks or are floating in
fresh or salty water.
Nutrition: They make their own food by capturing sunlight.
Green algae have a green pigment, red algae have a red
pigment, and brown algae have a brown pigment.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
Reproduction: Most reproduce sexually.
Let’s take a look at Simple
Green Algae!
Refer to the diagrams on page 88!
United Streaming Clip on Simple, Unicellular Green Algae!
Let’s take a look at Simple
Green Algae!
Refer to the diagrams in
textbook!
Video Clip -Importance of
Algae in the Environment
Fungus-like Protists
Water Molds
Cell Structure: Water molds grow as tiny threads that look like
fuzzy coverings.
Movement: They are able to move at some point in their life.
Nutrition: Many feed off of crops such as potatoes, cabbages,
corn, and grapes. Water molds led to the great Irish potato
famine in 1845 that lead to over 1 million deaths of Irish
people.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
Reproduction: Most reproduce by spores. Spores are tiny
cells that have the potential to develop into an entirely new
organism.
Fungus-like Protists
Slime-Molds
Cell Structure: Slime molds are multicellular mass when they
are clumped together as seen above. They are beautifully
colored with many being a bright yellow.
Movement: They move in an amoeba-like way using
pseudopods and oozing along the surfaces.
Nutrition: They feed on bacteria and decaying material.
• THINK! - Are they heterotrophic or autotrophic?
Reproduction: Most reproduce by spores.
BEAUTY AND THE BLOB http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2011/10/04/science/20111004SLIME.html
Movies of Slime Mold (Princeton Univ) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkVhLJLG7ug