Transcript Document
Review of the Principles of Ecology Post Falls HS, Biology Eco 1 Reviewing Biosphere • Zone of the earth which supports life, including parts of the: • Lithosphere (solid earth) • Hydrosphere (water bodies) • Atmosphere (envelope of air) Reviewing Abiotic vs Biotic Reviewing Niche • An organism’s role in the environment • Producer, consumer (herbivore/carnivore), saprovore (scavenger/ decomposer) Autotroph (Producer) • Producer organism that makes its own food from sun or energy of chemical compounds • Green plants, bacteria, some protists Heterotroph (Consumer) • Depend upon autotrophs for energy and substance • Herbivores eat plant material directly • Carnivores eat animal material • Omnivores eat both Herbivores – 1st Order Consumer (primary) Carnivores-2nd Order (secondary), 3rd Order (tertiary), etc. Predator-Prey Primary Secondary Tertiary Scavengers are carnivores, too, but called saprovores (eat dead matter) Which are Saprovores? Decomposers are saprovores, too! • Decay and break down dead matter • Recycle matter and use energy • Macroscopic or microscopic like fungi or bacteria Common Thread? They were all omnivores ! Symbiosis • Means “living together” • Close and permanent relationship between organisms of different species • Parasitism, Mutualism, and Commensalisms Parasitism One benefits (parasite) and one is harmed (host) by the relationship Mutualism Both benefit from the relationship. Food for the insect, pollination for the plant. Commensalism One benefits while the other is apparently unaffected! Food Chain Food Chain Food Chain ? Actually, many crossing and interrelated food chains are known as a food web Energy and Matter • Energy is used at each step in a food chain or energy pyramid but is renewed constantly by the sun • Matter (the material making up organisms) is recycled because its supply is finite Energy Pyramid Only 10% of the energy of a level is passed on to the next level. 90% is used in the lives of the organisms at that level Natural Cycles (recycling) Quiz The part of the biosphere that includes all the water Hydrosphere Quiz The thin layer of the earth in which life exists Biosphere Quiz Which is an abiotic factor in our environment? Pine tree, sunlight, coyote, lichen Sunlight Quiz A group of squirrels living together in Black Bay Park is an example of what? Population Quiz Label each as a niche or habitat: Forest, herbivore, meadow, autotroph, tundra, lake Habitat, niche, habitat, niche, habitat, habitat Quiz Which niche is found at the end of every food chain? Decomposer Quiz Second order consumers are more often known as this Carnivore Quiz The symbiotic relationship between you and the tapeworm in your intestines making you lose weight Parasitism Quiz What do you call many interacting food chains? Food web Quiz Which can be recycled in ecosystems: energy or matter? Matter