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IV. Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Topic. IV. 1. Wastewater Quality; General
Classification
Wastewater Quality Definition:
Wastewater is heterogenic mixture, containing impurities with various
chemical composition, origin and dispersion, defining its quality.
Wastewater Quality Parameters Classification:
I. According to the Impurities Nature
Physical Parameters
Dispersion
Dry residuals
Suspended solids
Color
Smell
Chemical Parameters
Organic substances
Non-organic substances
Salts
Fats
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Dissolved gases
Ions
Biological Parameters
Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
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Wastewater Quality; General Classification
II. According to the Impurities
Dispersion
Dissolved - d < 10-6 mm
Colloidal - d = 10-6 - 10-4 mm
Suspended - d > 10-4 mm
Fine - d = 10-4 - 10-2 mm
Coarse - d > 10-2 mm
III. According to the Impurities
Chemical Content
Organic Substances - 60 %
Mineral substances - 40 %
IV. According to Biological
Impurities Nature
Bacteria
Saprophytes
Pathogens
Viruses
V. According to the Suspended
Solids Settling Ability by 2 h
Norm - totally 65 g/d.ca
Settling - 60 - 70 %
Non-settling - 30 - 40 %
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Wastewater Quality; General Classification
Dissolved and Colloidal Substances
H 3 PO4 H 2 PO4 , HPO42 , PO43
I. Mineral substances
Norm - 4,4 PO43/d.ca
Chlorides - 9 g/d.ca
Nitrogen - 8 - 12 g/d.ca
Alkali substances
Mg , K , Na , NH 4
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2
3
HCO , CO , OH
Phosphates
NH 3 H 2O NH 4 OH
Sulphates (toxic if > 200 mg/l)
Organic
Mineral (orthophosphates)
Organic (proteins, aminoacids)
Mineral ( NH 3 , NH 4 , NO2 , NO3 )
Heavy metals ions
Ni , Mn , Cd , Pb 2 ,
Cr 3 , Zn 2 , Fe 2 , Hg 2
Radioactive elements
Measure - Kurie (Ku)
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1 Ku = MRAD, which realises 3,7 / s
Wastewater Quality; General Classification
Dissolved and Colloidal Substances
II. Organic substances
Fats - 10 %
Carbohydrates - 25 - 50 %
Proteins - 40 - 60 %
Carbamide CO(NH 2 ) 2
Detergents, Herbicides, Pesticides
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