Transcript 5 kingdoms - Broadneck High School

What are plankton?
The word plankton comes from the Greek ‘planktos’, which
means wandering or drifting. It describes the millions of
free-floating organisms living in the ocean and other aquatic
ecosystems.
Many kinds of organisms make up plankton; some spend
their entire life drifting in the upper ocean, others are
members of the plankton community for a time before they
develop into stationary or free-swimming adults.
There are three main types of plankton:
• Plant plankton, also known as phytoplankton
• Zooplankton
• Bacteria
KINGDOM MONERA
KINGDOM MONERA
Bacteria – some are photosynthetic, but the majority feed on
dead organisms.
• Cyanobacteria – a moneran phytoplankton
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Photosynthetic and can fix atmospheric nitrogen
Reproduce by fission
Can aggregate to form colonies
bacteria - single-cell, no organelles
• cyanobacteria - blue-green ‘algae’
– photosynthesis but no chloroplasts
– chlorophyll a + phycocyanin
– produced first O2 in atmosphere
• photobacteria - bioluminescent
– in plankton & animal tissues
• thermobacteria - chemosynthesis
– convert hydrogen sulfide H2S
– in hydrothermal vents & hot springs
– base of aphotic food chains
• For centuries, sailors in the Indian
Ocean have told stories of seas
glowing with a dim, white light at
night. Satellite images have now
confirmed the appearance of what
seem to be bioluminescent
bacteria, right where a ship's crew
reported seeing the "milky seas"
11 years ago. Scientists say this
rare phenomenon could be a way
for the bacteria to attract the
attention of fish so they can enter
their guts and live there.
Bioluminescent
Bacteria
Cancer Killer Found In The Ocean
Marine Biotechnologists Treat Cancer With Mud-loving
Ocean Bacteria
• Biomedicine scientists identified
and sequenced the genes of a
bacteria called Salinispora tropica.
It produces anti-cancer compounds
and can be found in ocean
sediments off the Bahamas. A
product called salinosporamide A
has shown promise treating a bone
marrow cancer called multiple
myeloma, as well as solid tumors.
Protistan phytoplankton
• Phylum Chrysophyta
• Single celled
• Silica or calcium
carbonate internal skeleton
• 2 marine groups
• Phylum Dinopyhta
– Golden brown algae
– Diatoms
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Most abundant
Cell wall(frustule)
Asexual reproduction
Can reproduce one million
daughter cells in 3 weeks
Plankton naturally sink and are brought
up through the water column by mixing
and upwellings
– Dinoflagellates
– Have flagella
– Responsible for red
tide that interferes with
nerve impulses
– bioluminescent
Phyto
plankton
(plant) (free floating)
Plant plankton, also known as phytoplankton – single-celled
photosynthetic organisms which manufacture food using
energy from sunlight.
Zoo
plankton
(animal)
(free floating)
Zooplankton – single- and many-celled animals that feed on
live plankton.
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
• Radiolarians
– Entirely marine
– Internal skeleton of
silica
– Have psuedopods
• Foraminiferans
– Make up half of all
protozoans
– Mostly marine
– Have calcium
carbonate
shells(tests)
– Mostly benthic or
live attached to
another organism
White Cliffs of Dover – Foram
tests or Globigerina
Phylum ciliophora
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Most abundant ciliate
Have cilia
Have tentacles that feed
Mostly parasitic