Transcript Slide 1

Research in Support of using Mineral
Elements to Suppress Microbes
Bud Harmon
Brookside Agra
O’Fallon IL USA
Professor Emeritus
Department of Animal Sciences
Purdue University
Dan Childs Medical News
Hospitals in US report that 2 million people get sick annually
from diseases contracted from going to hospitals
and100,000 die from these infections each year.
CDC, 2011
Similarity in Maintaining Biosecurity and Suppressing Microbial Populations
in Food-Animal Production Units and Hospitals.
● Rooms in hospitals and food-animal production facilities are periodically cleaned and
disinfected, which greatly reduces microbial populations at that instant
● Rooms must be vacated of humans and animals for 24 hours after disinfecting for
safety (most disinfectants are carcinogenic) until disinfectant decomposes. Most
disinfectants are worthless within 24 hours of use
● When humans enter hospital rooms and sows enter farrowing units, microbial counts
increase and disease virulence builds. Most serious disease vectors are humans in
hospitals and sows in farrowing units.
● Need a prophylactic that continues to suppress microbes for extended periods and
is safe. Selected trace minerals provides such protection. Mineral elements do not
break down.
● Culmination of research to minimize nosocomial diseases of humans within
hospitals and minimize diseases of food-producing animals is done with
programmed use of selected mineral elements.
●
Hospitals are methodically installing copper, zinc and iron surfaces that have
excellent microbial inhibiting power, to replace attractive stainless steel that is
worthless in eliminating microbes
●
In food-animal production, programmed dusting (i.e. weekly) all surfaces with
copper, zinc, and iron provides the same sustained suppression of microbes
Purpose of Disrupt Environmental Prophylactic
Contains trace elements that continuously reduce microbial
levels throughout farrowing and nursery
Research that developed Disrupt paralleled research
conducted by medical and hospital scientists to reduce
nosocomial diseases (fancy term for diseases contracted
from going to hospitals)
Our research and hospital research concentrated on using
trace mineral elements to inhibit organisms from viruses
through bacteria, molds/fungi and larval stages of insects
and parasites.
Two Important Research Journals:
Journal of Hospital Infections
Journal of Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Many trace mineral elements have been investigated but
copper, zinc and iron are by far the most effective
We have focused on the same trace elements: Cu, Fe, and Zn
We have developed an extensive library of research
demonstrating efficacy of each of the 3 elements
Examples of our research and hospital research against
a broad spectrum of microbes
Moran et.al. 2010
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Against
Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis,
and Escherichia coli 0157:H7
Listeria
Length of Culture, hrs
Level of ZnO, mg/ml
cfu/ml Log10 Reduction
Salmonella
168
0.28 1.12
4.2
5.8
E. coli
168
0.28 1.12
4.1
6.1
48
3.2
6.0
______________________________________________
T. Jin et.al. 2009
Antimicrobial effects of Zinc and Copper ions on
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (gram negative),
Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), Candida albicans (fungus)
Minimum lethal concentrations after 48 hour at 37° incubation for
zinc and copper against 3 pathogenic micro-organisms.
Minimum Lethal Concentrations
x 10mcg/dm-3 Metal ions
Zinc
Copper
Microorganism
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Candidia albicans
Zeelie, J.J. and McCarthy, T.J. 1997
1916
36
9
39
8
26
(Example of organism that responds differently to different element)
Antiviral Effect of Iron and Copper
Quotes by Author at FDA
● “Both iron and copper ions were able to inactivate Junin virus
comparable to the activity of recommended disinfectants:
formaldehyde, peroxide, and chlorine”
Sagripanti US FDA 1992
● “Ferric and cupric ions were able to inactivate 5 single or double
stranded DNA or RNA viruses. At least 99% inactivation of all 5
viruses was obtained with 1 g/liter of either ferric or cupric ions”
Sagripanti US FDA 1993
● HIV-1 virus was inactivated by either ferric or cupric ions when the
virus was free in solution and also 3 hours after cell infection
Sagripanti US FDA 1996
●
Sagripanti was studying viral laboratory management and did not
pursue potential broad spectrum disinfectant application
Copper Effective at Inactivating H1N1 Virus
H1N1 Virus was Incubated on Copper or Stainless Plates
Stainless Steel Plates
After 24 hours, there were still 500,000 infectious particles
Copper Plates
After 1 hour, 75 % of virus was eradicated
After 6 hours, only 500 particles remained active.
Keevil, Wm 2009
Copper Effective at Inactivating Adenovirus Virus
Adenovirus was Incubated on plates: Copper
Stainless Steel
Initial Virus Particle Number
2,000,000
2,000,000
After 1 hour
500,000
After 6 hours
500
1,000,000
After 24 hours
0
500,000
Noyce, J.O., H. Michels, and C.W. Keevil, 2007. Inactivation of influenza A virus
on copper versus stainless steel. J Applied Environ Microbial Vol 73:2748.
H1N1 virus titer decreased by 4 log on the copper surface within 6 hours.
75% of adenovirus particles were inactivated on copper (C11000) within 1 hour.
Within six hours, 99.999% of the adenovirus particles were inactivated.
Within six hours, 50% of the infectious adenovirus particles survived on
stainless steel.
Moran et al. 2010
Antimicrobial Effects of Stainless Steel and Copper
Alloys on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Surfaces
Stainless Copper Copper Copper
Steel
99% Brass Bronze
Survival, hrs
72
1.5
3.5
4.0
________________________________________________________________ ____________
Noyce & Keevil 2004
Antimicrobial Effects of Stainless Steel and
Copper Alloys on Escherichia coli 0157
Surface
Stainless Steel Copper
Temperature: 20 degrees C*
Survival
34 days
Temperature: 4 degrees C**
Survival
“Months”
* Room Temp,
** Refrigerator Temp.
Keevil, C.W., Walker,J.T., and Maule, A.,2000
4 hours
Brass
4 days
14 hours 12 days
Quotation by C. W. Keevil
Southhampton University, UK
● Lead Scientist in research to Determine Efficacy of Mineral Elements
antiseptic against Microorganisms.
●
Has confirmed efficacy of Fe, Zn, and Cu
Quote: "We've already shown that copper surfaces can inactivate
MRSA microbes. The fact that we've now established that copper
also inactivates Clostridium difficile spores, which are resistant to
standard cleaning regimes, doubles our conviction that copper can
play significant role in killing those bacteria that cause hospital infections."
June 3, 2008
Stainless Steel
Against Clostridium difficile
Cu
alloys
Keevil et al
100 gm samples of meat placed on copper plate for 0 thru 50 minutes
Faundez, G. et.al., 2004
Aerobes (cfu) on Cu items compared with controls in hospital
Casey et.al 2010, Birmingham, UK
Time
Sampled
Control
items cfu
Copper
items cfu
Upper side of toilet
seat
07:00
17:00
87.6 (9–266.4)
64.5 (28-254)
2.1 (0–38.4)
1.2 (0-23.4)
Under side of toilet
seat
07:00
17:00
10.8 (0–101.4)
1.5 (0-121.8
0 (0–4.2)
0 (0-4.2)
Door Push plate
07:00
17:00
1.8 (0–7.8)
0.6 (0- 3.6)
0 (0–0.6)
0 (0 1.2)
Hot tap handle
07:00
17:00
6.6 (0–504)
3 (0-36)
0 (0–3)
0 (0-39)
Cold tap handle
07:00
17:00
7.5 (0–87)
4.5 (0-51)
0 (0–3)
0 (0-3)
Samples Collected each Friday
10 toilets in study
Press Release, Brussels, Belgium.
1/12/2010
• Irish hospital is first in world to embrace latest science by
specifying hygienic copper door handles throughout Irish Hospital.
· First to harness Copper Technology to Fight Infections in a bid to
reduce healthcare associated infections such as MRSA, providing
best possible protection to patients.
• St Francis Private Hospital, a 140-bed facility located in Mullingar,
County Westmeath, made decision after examining compelling
evidence from clinical trial at Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham, which
showed that copper surfaces such as taps, toilet seats and door push
plates can reduce microbial contamination by 90-100%.
•
A total of 250 door handles will be replaced at St Francis Private
Hospital.
First Hospital in France Installs Antimicrobial Copper Touch
Surfaces to Combat Nosocomial Diseases
October 7, 2011
Press Clipping
The Centre hospitalier de Rambouillet, in Parisian region, is first hospital
in France to install antimicrobial copper touch surfaces to fight pathogens
and reduce risk of healthcare-associated infections for its patients.
Bed rails, trolleys, taps, handrails, door handles and push plates made of
copper and copper alloys have been fitted in the intensive care and pediatric
units.
Antimicrobial copper touch surfaces are proven capable of continuously
eliminating bacteria, viruses and fungi – including MRSA, C. difficile and
Influenza A – 24/7, from clinical environments.
Now add St Lukes Hospital
in St Louis MO to the list
(In Progress)
Action by US Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. EPA approved registration of antimicrobial copper alloys, with
public health claims acknowledging that copper, brass and bronze
are capable of killing harmful, potentially deadly bacteria.
Bacteria listed in EPA registration:
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterobacter aerogenes
Escherichia coli O157:H7
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),
(one of most virulent strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and
common cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections)
EPA has developed a list of 300 items in health care facilities that
can be registered when made of copper alloys. (From ash trays to
ceiling tile)
Copper Hospital Equipment
Other buildings and people gathering sites where
equipment is approved by EPA for antimicrobial claims
Public community facilities, including commercial buildings
Residential buildings
Mass transit facilities (China has used in subways, buses and trains for 3 years)
Other approved sites:
Gymnasiums, swimming pools, and Athletic clubs
Outdoor play area equipment
Public restrooms
??? Interesting some area not listed by EPA
Food processing plants.
Animal packing plants
Meat processing plants
Egg processing plants
Dairy processing plants
Bakeries
Groceries
Fresh fruit and vegetable processing plants
Restaurants
Poultry Study using GRAS approved minerals on a carrier
to reduce microbial level in egg laying house
Layer house containing 120,000 hens
● Building occupied for 8 months with accumulation
●
of dandruff, dirt, dust, feathers, feces and feed
● Sprayed 1 lb/100 sq ft (50 g/sq m) in first 36 ft (10 m) of
building and full 72 ft (20 m) width (Euro prod with only Cu as active)
● Sprayed on Tuesdays for 4 consecutive weeks
● Swab samples for bacterial counting collected weekly
on Fridays, initially and 4 successive weeks following each spraying
and then continued for 4 more weeks .
Purdue University, Harmon 2004
CFU/g
Shaded area denotes
Pre and post spraying
Reducing the pathogen challenge
Coliform control in egg laying house
Cfu/g
1,000’s
!
Spray layer House
!
450
400
350
300
250
Floor
Belt
200
150
100
50
weeks
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Disrupt
Disrupt Action on Individual Bacteria Species
•Studies on :
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes, faecalis, and mutans
Salmonella typhimurium and choleraesuis
Salmonella enteritidis
Disrupt inhibited at least 99.999% of each of these bacteria
Clostridium difficile and perfringens (spore formers)
Disrupt inhibited 99.995% of each of these bacteria
Applied at same level as used in food animal production units
(1 lb per 100 sq ft of surface)
By NPAL Labs in 2009 and 2010
Inhibition of Individual Bacterial Species with Dry Mineral Based
Prophylactic Powder, DISRUPT
Prophylactic Level
Control Disrupt at Log 10 Inhibition
0
1 lb/100 ft2 Reduction
%
Escherichia coli, cfu/ml
1.9 x 109
Staphylococcus spp*, cfu/ml 5.1 x 108
Streptococcus spp*, cfu/ml 5.6 x 108
Salmonella spp*, cfu/ml
6.6 x 108
Salmonella enteritidis, cfu/ml 5.4 x 109
Clostridium spp*, cfu/ml
2.2 x 108
<100
460
<100
2,000
120
1 x 104
7.24
6.05
7.76
5.52
7.65
4.35
*Staphylococcus spp: aureus and epidermidis;
*Streptococcus spp; pyogenes, faecalis, and mutans;
*Salmonella spp: typhimurium, choleraesuis, and enteritidis
*Clostridium spp: difficile and perfringens
NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. 2009
Disrupt Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL .
99.9999
99.999
99.999
99.999
99.99999
99.995
Inhibition of Escherichia coli Growth with Dry Mineral
Based Prophylactic Powder DISRUPT
Control
Prophylactic Level
0
Disrupt
1 lb/100 sq ft
Log 10
Reduction
________________________________________________________________
Escherichia coli, cfu/ml
1.9 x 109
<100
Inhibition of 99.9999%
7.24
___________________________________________________
NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. USA
Disrupt Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL . USA
2009
Inhibition of Staphylococcus species* Growth
with Dry Mineral Mineral
Based Prophylactic Powder DISRUPT
Prophylactic Level
Control
0
Disrupt
1 lb/100 sq ft
Log 10
Reduction
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_
5.1 x 108
460
6.05
Inhibition of 99.999%
_____________________________________________________________
NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. USA
2009
*Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
Disrupt Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon , IL . USA
Staphylococcus spp*, cfu/ml
Inhibition of Streptococcus species* Growth
with Dry Mineral
Based Prophylactic Powder DISRUPT
Prophylactic Level
Control
0
Disrupt at
Log 10
1 lb/100 sq ft Reduction
___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Streptococcus spp*, cfu/ml 5.6 x 108
<100
7.76
Inhibition of 99.999%
____________________________________________________________
NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. US
2009
*Streptococcus spp; pyogenes, faecalis, and mutans
Disrupt Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL . USA
Inhibition of Salmonella species* Growth with Dry Mineral
Based Prophylactic powder DISRUPT
Prophylactic Level
Control
Disrupt at
Log 10
0
1 lb/100 sq ft Reduction
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__
Salmonella spp*, cfu/ml
6.6 x 108
2,000
5.52
Inhibition of 99.999%
___________________________________________________________
NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. US
2009
*Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella choleraesuis
Disrupt Prophylactic Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL
Inhibition of Salmonella enteritidis Growth with
Dry Mineral Based Prophylactic Powder DISRUPT
Prophylactic Level
Control
Disrupt at
Log 10
0
1 lb/100 sq ft Reduction
_________________________________________________________________________________________
__
Salmonella enteritidis, cfu/ml
5.4x109
120
7.65
Inhibition of 99.99999%
___________________________________________________________
NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. US
2009
Disrupt Prophylactic Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL
Inhibition of Clostridium species* Growth with
Dry Mineral based Prophylactic powder DISRUPT
Prophylactic Level
Control
0
Disrupt at
Log 10
1 lb/100 sq ft Reduction
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
Clostridium spp*, cfu/ml
2.2 x 108
1 x 104
4.35
Inhibition of 99.9954%
___________________________________________________________
NPAL Analytical Laboratories St Louis, MO. US
2009
*Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens
Disrupt Prophylactic Produced by Brookside-Agra, O’Fallon, IL
On Farm Study
Swine Farm in Michigan with 5,000 Sows
Production Problems in Farrowing House
1. High incidence of Greasy Pig Disease
(Attributed to Staphylococcus hyicus)
2. High Incidence of Arthritis – Joint Infection
(Attributed to Streptococcus suis)
3. Incidence of Umbilical Hernias
Initiated Programmed Spraying of Disrupt Dry Mineral
Prophylactic (50 gm/sq/m) Weekly in Farrowing Rooms
● All 3 diseases stopped In first farrowing group
Greasy pig disease and Arthritis were no longer
diagnosed and umbilical hernias were reduced
● After second farrowing group, with no evidence of the infectious
diseases, spraying of Disrupt was terminated, and in first
farrowing all 3 infectious conditions reappeared
● Spraying of Disrupt was reinstated and disease conditions
stopped in all subsequent farrowings
● With programmed dusting, umbilical hernias were greatly
reduced.
Effect of Prophylactic Powder on Number of Alphitobius on Turkey Fecal matter
Qvist Labs Euro data
Weeks
Non Treated Controls
Prophylactic Powder Treated
Effects of prophylactic powder on Ascarid galli worm count in
intestines of 25 chickens sacrificed from each treatment
Treatment
Total adult Ascarid count
from 25 birds
Control
133
Disrupt
Powder
2
Permin & Schou
____________________________________________________
In another study, they concluded the life cycle of Ascarids is broken
by prophylactic powder in larvae stage Euro data
Effect of Prophylactic Powder on Fly Larvae in Manure
in Calf Production Unit
Day of Test
Start of test
1. day
2. day
3. day
4. day
5. day
6. day
7. day
8. day
9. day
10. day
11. day
Live larvae per 10 cm2
200
180
40
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
Larvae in contact with Prophylactic Powder die, and so do newly hatched flies
Prophylactic powder sprayed at 50 gms per sq meter. (1 lb/100 sq ft.)
Qvist Labs European data.
Standard Use Practices of Disrupt in Animal
Production and Processing Quarters
● Spray (Blow) with 240 mph leaf blowers or fans at rate of l lb per 100 sq ft
● Spray (Blow) to apply to every surface including the animals
● Disrupt at 50 micron particle size will settle to surfaces in 12 to 15 minutes
● Secure exhaust fans when spraying
● Spray (Blow) weekly to refresh the thin film of Disrupt on equipment, belts. pens,
floors, walls, ceilings, and animals.
● Use dust mask and goggles to avoid drying out mouth, eyes and nose
Disrupt Use Budget
● Sows in Farrowing: day 1 after sows enter, then day 7 and 14
● Pigs in Nursery:
day 1 after pigs enter, then weekly thereafter
For 10 pig litter: Farro: .15 lb/ pig; Nurs: .14 lb/pig = (total .29 lb /Pig)
Cost of Disrupt per pig
.29 lb x $.45 per lb = $0.13 per pig
Leaf Blower Feeds into large Fan
Discharge
• Work Horse for spraying in Poultry
Units
- 48 inch fan
Pickup
Environmental Benefits When Using All-Natural
Dry Mineral Prophylactic DISRUPT
Effective spraying of Disrupt Dry Mineral Prophylactic is 1 lb
per 100 sq ft (50 g/sq m) sprayed weekly
●
● Carrier for active ingredients needs to be excellent desiccant,
excellent absorbent of ammonia and other odorous materials,
and not a problem for the environment.
● Carrier for Disrupt is heat treated and processed
Montmorillonite clay. Final Product is named Calcine
● Clay is heated to 1400o F to create Calcine,.
increases porosity by as much as 49%;
Physical Properties of
Typical Calcined Montmorillonite
Surface Area
2
98 m2/g; 1055 ft g
Hg Pore Volume
0.415 cc/g
Bulk Density
618 Kg / m3
Ammonia Control in Layer Facilities
● Extremely effective in long term manure cone build up in layer units
● With programmed weekly spraying of Disrupt, excellent control of
ammonia
● Ammonia values that exceeded 25 ppm above the cone reduce to
less than 5 ppm
● At the chicken level the ammonia is even lower.
● With weekly spraying the ammonia is converted and trapped within the
cone (Ammonia is bound as NH4 or Nitrate)
● Manure typically builds at about ¾ inch per week
● Nitrogen level in the manure has increased. Manure nitrogen
guarantees have been increased (2 to 3 % increase of nitrogen in
manure)
● Air quality for layers and staff is greatly improved
● Ammonia exiting exhaust fans has been reduced to less than 5 ppm
● Concern for ammonia being carried away in water to creeks is
greatly reduced
Environmental Benefits When Using
All-Natural Dry Mineral Prophylactic
Disrupt
●
Most serious problem in manure management and
most monitored element by EPA is discharge of phosphorus
● Phosphorus mineral salts should not be used as carriers
as they simply intensify waste management problems.
● Interesting there is a company in Europe boasts of their
product containing 85% phosphate
● Disrupt contains no phosphorus
Disrupt Environmental Prophylactic Certification
Disrupt has Patent Pending status with US Patent Office
Disrupt is in approval process for EPA registration
All components are currently approved for such use by EPA
All components are exempt from tolerance by EPA
Copper Sulfate specifically exempted for meat and animals when
applied as bactericide/fungicide on animal premises
Disrupt components are all on FDA and AAFCO GRAS list
Being registered as Feed ingredient
Disrupt is not registered as a dietary trace mineral premix. No
problem just not the intended use
Disrupt is Registered by the USDA Organic Standards Office
certified for all organic programs.
Disrupt Use in Cleaning Grain
Bins and Feed Storage
** Suggested by Corn
Producer/Hog Producer in Ill.
Registration by Organic Food Organization has opened new doors.
Organic Food producers have not had approved products for inhibiting molds in
cleaning of grain storages or on seed for planting
Disrupt provides a safe product that binds moisture and inhibits microbial levels
Recommend dusting with Disrupt as final step (1 to 2 lb/100 sq ft) in cleaning bins
hitting as much surface as possible with 240 mph leaf blower prior to filling
bins
Once bin is filled, dust the top of the bin with 1 to 2 lb per 100 sq ft
30 ft diameter bin requires 7 lb of Disrupt to provide 1 lb/100 Sq ft ($3.15/ bin)
50 ft diameter bin requires 19 lb of Disrupt to provide 1 lb/ 100 sq ft ($8.15/bin)
Molds/Yeasts/Fungus
Susceptibility to Disrupt Active Ingredients
• L. Weaver, W. L. Michels, and C.W. Keevil at
Southhampton University Hospital have shown
Disrupt Ingredients will neutralize:
Aspergillus
Fusarium
Penicillium
Candida
Efficacy Against Fungus (Mold)
l
Extended Uses of Disrupt
for Environmental and Biosecurity Benefits
Physically drying newborn pigs (Rub Down)
Drying, stimulating, warming, and providing microbial protection
Calcined Montmorillonite clay greatly increases desiccation ability
Active Minerals inhibits viruses, bacteria, and fungi from contact
Provide clean, effective foot bath security for individual rooms
Dirtiest spot in swine units is liquid food baths at entrance to rooms
Eliminate liquid in foot baths
Replace with dry foot bath using Disrupt ¾ inch deep in same pan
Wet boots will attract Disrupt particles leaving a clean surface on Disrupt
Provide protection from contracting diseases at livestock shows
Spread Disrupt throughout livestock pen and tie stall bedded area
To reduce the dust “fog”, use a hand held, hand cranked grass seeder
Spread at the recommended 1 lb per 100 sq ft and spray daily during exhibition
Provide protection in livestock trucks and trailers to avoid microbial contamination
After cleaning trucks and trailers, spray Disrupt at 1 lb per 100 sq ft on all surfaces inside and
outside. Trucks can be loaded immediately before or after dusting
Provide clean out process for removing meal moth webs from feed lines and feed dropboxes
Include Disrupt in diet at 1.5 to 2% of diet for 2 weeks.
In Netted Fish Grow-out units in Open Water,
Copper nets eliminate 99.9% of all virus and bacteria
• Chile: Copper mesh nets eliminate 99.9 percent of all viruses
and bacteria in water after 30 minutes of exposure according to
a microbiological study conducted by the Chilean diagnostic
laboratory ADL and validated by the Undersecretary of
Fisheries
Considerations for Incorporating Disrupt in Antibiotic-Free Pork Production
microbes that compromise health, well being and performance1. Sustained inhibition of
pathogenic microbial life in farrowing and nursery
with programmed use of Disrupt
2. Our own research testing Disrupt against 11 problematic bacteria
3. Need continuous antimicrobial protection against broad spectrum of
4. Hospital researchers have extensive list of our active mineral
elements against pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, and larval
stages of insects and parasites. (e.g. flies, coccidia, ascarids)
.
5. No evidence of increased microbial resistance to copper, zinc and iron.
(Those elements have been essential for life for centuries)
6. Economical program solution Price $.45 /lb FOB Highland , Ill. ($.13/pig)
for program through farrowing and nursery
Use of Disrupt Across Species
Swine farrowing and nurseries to reduce multiple microbes
Dairy loafing sheds to reduce somatic cell counts
Turkey Grow-Out units to reduce breast blister infections
Egg Laying Units to reduce ammonia and multiple microbes
Horse Stables to reduce hoof and fetlock infections
Dairy calf and veal units to reduce microbes.
Hospitals are Strategically Positioning Door Knobs
Made from Copper, Zinc, and Iron
Disrupt provides Millions of Microscopic Door Knobs on all Surfaces
Each “Knob” is 50 Microns in Diameter (1 inch = 25,400 microns)
One Square inch equals 258,000 door knobs
Customer Reported Benefits
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduced infectious diseases
Reduced diarrhea incidence
Reduced respiratory infections
Reduced pig shoulder and joint swelling (Strept suis)
Reduced greasy pig incidence (Staph hyicus)
Reduced umbilical hernias
Reduced environmental ammonia
Reduced employee respiratory problems
Increased manure nitrogen analytical values
Increased fly and gnat control
Reduced mold growth
Horie, M., H. Ogawa, Y.Yoshida, K. Yamada, A.Hara, K. Ozawa, S. Matsuda,
C. Mizota, M. Tani, Y. Yamamoto, M. Yamada, K. Nakamura, K. Imai, 2008
Inactivation and morphological changes of avian influenza virus by
copper ions. Arch Virology 153:1467.
In concentration of 25 µM Cu2 solution the H9N2 avian influenza
decreased by 3 to 4 log within 3 to 6 hrs. We found that copper ions
suppress the infectivity of influenza virus at lower concentrations than
Zn2.
Protection against Polio
Colobert,L. 1962. Sensitivity of poliomyelitis virus to catalytic systems
generating free radicales. Revue de pathologie generale et de physiologie
clinique. Vol 62:551
Poliovirus is inactivated within 10 minutes of exposure to copper with
ascorbic acid
L. Weaver, T. Michels, C.W. Keevil, 2010
Potential for preventing spread of fungi in air-conditioning systems
constructed using copper instead of aluminium.
Letters in Applied Microbiology Vol 50:18
• Copper and aluminium plates were inoculated with fungal isolates
(Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium chrysogenum and
Candida albicans). Results showed increased die off of fungal
isolates tested compared to aluminium. In addition, copper also
prevented the germination of spores present.
• Copper offers a valuable alternative to aluminium which could be
used in air-conditioning systems in buildings, particularly in hospital
environments where patients are more susceptible to fungal
infections
Copper against Parvovirus
Euro data