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5 Kingdoms Mrs. Reese Glossary • Taxonomy: The branch of science that deals with the classification of organisms. • Prokaryotic: Organisms whose Cells that LACK a nucleus • Eukaryotic: Organisms whose Cells that HAVE a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. • Multicellular: Organism made up of more than one cell • Unicellular: Organism made up of ONLY ONE cell • Autotrophic: Organism that makes energy by making its own food (photosynthesis). • Heterotrophic: Organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms. • Asexual reproduction: reproduction that involves one parent-spores, budding, regeneration. “Offspring” is identical to parent. • Sexual Reproduction: reproduction that involves two parents. Fusion of sperm and egg to produce genetically distinct offspring. Hierarchical Classification • Organisms are placed into taxa Species: Panthera pardus Classification groups The taxonomic hierarchy: Genus: Panthera Family: Felidae Order: Carnivora Class: Mammalia Phylum: Chordata Kingdom: Animalia Domain: Archaea Bacteria Eukarya The three domains of life Figure 14.22 Some Basics of Taxonomy • Carolus Linnaeus – developed binomial nomenclature, the formal naming system used today – Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name consisting of the Genus and the species Upper case lower case – Scientific names are underlined or italicized – Example: Homo sapiens The Three Domain System • The three-domain system – Is one alternative to the six-kingdom system Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Earliest organisms Figure 14.27b Arranging Life into Kingdoms: A Work in Progress Arranges life into kingdoms based on specific characteristics Figure 14.27a The Six Kingdoms • • • • • • • • • • • • – – Domain: Archae or Bacteria Kingdom: Archea or Bacteria Cells: Prokaryotic Uni-cellular Autotrophs or Heterotrophs Reproduction: Asexual and sexual (conjugation) Examples of Bacteria E-Coli Pneumococcus Salmonella Cyanobacteria Examples of Archae: Halobacterium (salt lovers) Thermopoteus (hot water lover The Six Kingdoms • • • • • • • – – – Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Protista Cells: Eukaryotic Mostly Uni-cellular Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Reproduction: Sexual and Asexual Examples: Algae (plant-like) – autotrophic Protozoans (animal-like) – heterotrophic Slime molds (fungus-like) – multi-cellular The Six Kingdoms • • • • • • Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom Fungi Cells: Eukaryotic Mostly Multi-cellular Heterotrophic Reproduction: spores (asexual and sexual) • Examples – molds, yeasts (uni), mushrooms The Six Kingdoms • • • • • • Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom Plantae Cells: Eukaryotic Multi-cellular Autotrophic Reproduction: Sexual and Asexual • Examples: – – – – – – – Mosses Ferns Pines Flowers Trees Grasses Cactus The Six Kingdoms • • • • • • • Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Cells: Eukaryotic Multi-cellular Heterotrophic Reproduction: Sexual Examples: – – – – – – Insects Spiders Fish Birds Amphibians Mammals