Transcript Cells are to small to be seen without magnification

10 Facts About Cells
By the Class of 2013
1. Cells are to small to be seen
without magnification
By: Kristian M, Amanda H, and
Noelly M
What is a microscope?
A microscope is an instrument to see objects
too small for the naked eye.
Microscope Timeline
Optical Microscope
The first microscope was an optical microscope.
It was made in 1590.
What is an Optical Microscope?
The optical microscope is the most common
type of microscope. It contains one of the
more lenses producing an enlarged image.
Electron Microscope
Next was the electron microscope. It was
developed in the early 1900’s by Ernest Ruska.
What is an Electron Microscope?
An electron microscope is a microscope that
produces an electronically magnified image of
a specimen for detailed observation.
Scanning Probe Microscope
In the 1980’s came the first scanning probe
microscopes. It was developed by Gerd
Binning and Heinrich Rohrer.
What is a Scanning Probe Microscope?
A scanning probe microscope is a branch of
microscopy that forms images of surfaces
using using a physical probe that scans the
specimen.
Fluorescence and light Microscopy
Fluorescence and light microscopy is the most
recent developed. It was developed in the 20th
century.
What is a Fluorescence Microscope?
A florescence microscope is an optical
microscope used to study properties of
organic and inorganic substances using
fluorescence and phosphorescence.
2. Two main types of cells.
What are the two main types of
cells?
The two main cells are.
• Eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotic cells
• These are the two main types of cells.
What they are.
• Eukaryotic is an organism whose cells contain
complex structures that set prokaryotic away
from eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic
• Prokaryotic cells are the nucleus or the main
thing they are the brain of cells.
What they mean.
• Prokaryote means pro= first karyote= nucleus
• Eukaryote means eu=true karyote=nucleus
What they do.
• The cells in the body make skin and all your
other things everybody is made of multicells
everybody is multicellular. They make scabs
when you get cut and make up pretty much
everything in your body.
4. There are More Bacterial Cells
than Human Cells in the Body.
By Ambrosia and Alicia
Humans Carry More Bacterial Cells
than Human Cells
• You are more bacteria then you are you.
• We are always washing our hand spraying our
counter tops doing just about anything to kill
germs.
• But what most people don’t know is that we
have colonies of germs in our bodies, starting
from our skin to the deepest recesses of our
guts.
All the Bacteria in Your Body
• The bacteria in your body will fill a half gallon jug.
• We have 10 times more bacteria cells in your
body than human cells says Carlyn Bohach a
microbiologist at the University of Idaho (V.I)
• Even though there are a lot of bacterial cells in
your body they don’t take up that much space,
because bacteria cells are far smaller then human
cells.
• Although have more bacterial cells sounds gross.
It is actually a very good thing.
It Begins at Birth
• The infestation begins at birth; it’s a baby you
ingest mouthfuls of bacteria during birthing
and you pick up plenty more from your
mother’s and skin and milk.
• During breast feeding, the mammary glands
become colonized with bacteria.
• Throughout our lives we consume bacteria un
our food and water; and many other places.
500 Species
• Starting at tie month, nose or other orifices,
these microbes travel though the esophagus;
stomach and / or intestine- locations where
most set up camp.
• Although there are estimated 500 species lung
at any one time un an adult intestine the
majority belong to two phyla, the firmicites
and the bacteroidetes.
Researchers change their tune
• For a long tune, scientists assumed that these bacteria,
despite their number, neither did us much harm nor
much good. But un the past decades or so, researchers
change their tune.
• Bacteria produce chemicals that help us harness
energy and nutrients from our food.
• Intestinal bacteria also appear to keep our immune
system healthy. Several studies suggest that microbes
regulate the population and density of intestinal
immune cells by aiding in the development of gutassociated lymphoid tissues that mediate a varity of
immune functions.
6.Cells Contain Structures called
Organelles
By Leticia
&
Mikie
Organelles
• In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized
subunit within a cell that has a specific function,
and is usually separately enclosed within its own
lipid bilayer.
• Organelles are identified by microscopy, and can
also be purified by cell fractionation.
• There are many types of organelles, particularly
in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes were once
thought not to have organelles, but some
examples have now been identified.
• In biology, organs are defined as confined
functional units within an organism.
• Credited as the first to use a diminutive of
organ for cellular structures was German
zoologis Karl August Möbius (1884), who
used the term "organula” .
• It would take several years before organulum,
or the later term organelle, became accepted
and expanded in meaning to include
subcellular structures in multicellular
organisms.
7. Different types of cells reproduce
through different methods
By: Adrianna Chacon &
Natasha Salazar
Asexual
Asexual Reproduction- Process in which a single
cell or set of cells produces offspring that
inherit all their genetic material from one
parents.
Binary Fission
Some organisms reproduce by simple cell
division, in which a single cell or group of cells
each duplicates its genetic material and then
splits into two new genetically identical cells.
Sexual
Sexual reproduction- Process in which genetic
material from two parents combines and
produces offspring that differ genetically from
either parents.
Gametes
Sexual reproduction involves the union of sex
cells (gametes), such as an egg and a sperm.
Unicellular Organisms
Some unicellular organisms can reproduce
sexually and some with sex cells can also
reproduce asexually.
8.Groups of Similar Cells
Form Tissues
By; Rose Valdez and Alondra Villalba
Groups of Similar Cells Form Tissues
Tissues are groups of cells with both a shared structure
and function. Cells that make up animal tissues are
sometimes woven together with extracellular fibers and
are occasionally held together by a sticky substance that
coats the cells. Different types of tissues can also be
arranged together to form organs. Groups of organs can
in turn form organ systems.
Cell Structure
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Tissues
9. Cells have Varying Life Spans
How Long do Cells Live?
How Long do Human Cells Live?
Cells Commit Suicide
By Deandre and Cherise
Apoptosis
• Apoptosis is a process by which
cells in multi-cellular organisms
commit suicide.
Cells that are induced to commit
suicide…..
•
•
•
•
Shrink
Develop bubble like blebs on their surface.
Have the chromation in the nucleus degraded.
Have the mitochondria break down with the
release of cytochrome.
• Break into small, membrane-wrapped, fragments.
• The phospholipids, which is normally hidden
within the plasma membrane is exposed on the
surface.
Cells that are induced to commit
suicide…..
•
•
•
•
Shrink
Develop bubble like blebs on their surface.
Have the chromation in the nucleus degraded.
Have the mitochondria break down with the
release of cytochrome.
• Break into small, membrane-wrapped, fragments.
• The phospholipids, which is normally hidden
within the plasma membrane is exposed on the
surface.
Why should a cell commit suicide?
1. Programmed cell death is needed for proper
development of mitosis.
ex: The resorption of the tadpole tail at the time of
metamorphosis into a frog occurs by apoptosis.
2. Programmed cell death is needed to destroy
cells that represent a threat to the integrity of
the organism
ex: Cancer cells
Apoptosis is triggered by internal and
external signals
Resources
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www.google.com
www.google.com/images
www.wikipedia.com
http://vitanetonline.com
Scientificamerican.com