Transcript Sanitization, Disinfection, Sterilization

What is the autoclave thing again
Sanitization: fancy word for Cleaning
 Removing of foreign material
 Dirt, body fluids, lubricants
 Using detergents, soap & H2O, scrubbing, ultrasonic
 1st step in the disinfection and/or sterilization process
 Temperature of the water is important.
Sanitization: First level
Equipment and instruments and surfaces
 Scrubbing
 Cleaning
Using detergents and H20
Scrubbing to remove contamination on hard to reach
surfaces
Open hinges and ratchets
Ultrasonic
 Bath of special solution through which sound waves
pass loosing debris from instruments
 Used for sanitization of

Sharp objects: scalpels, or those with sharp edges
 Be aware that instruments made of different metals
should be separated
 Always place instruments in open position
Note
 For instruments contaminated with blood or protein
these need to be rinsed in cool water to remove
contamination before sanitization
This step is not necessary if using
 Specialized detergents that are neutral ph, low
sudsing, formulated to dissolve blood and blood
products
After Cleaning
 Rinse individually
 Place on clean towel
 Dry thoroughly
 Inspect for damage and smooth operation
 If instruments do not require further disinfection or
sterilization they can be stored
Note
 Be aware of manufactures guidelines
 Think soft metals
 Rubber tubing
 Electronics
Disinfection: Second Level
Process that eliminates many or all microorganisms
except spores
Either with liquid chemicals or boiling (instruments
placed into room temperature water that is raised to
boiling for a period of time and then allowed to cool)
Disinfection: Key point
 Proper contact
 Proper time
 Proper dilution
Disinfection Three Levels
High-level
 Destroy all microorganisms except bacterial spores
Intermediate disinfection
 Inactivates M. tuberculosia vegetative bacteria such as
Staphlycococcus aureus, most fungus and viruses
 Not bacterial spores
Disinfection
Low-level disinfection
 Most bacteria
 Some viruses
 Some fungi
 Not resistant microorganisms (super bugs)
 Not bacterial spores
Disinfection process
 Wear gloves when handling instruments
 Disinfection solutions must cover every surface
 Used if instrument does not penetrate a patient’s skin
or mucous membranes
 Enamelware
 Endotracheal tubes
 Laryngoscopes and nasal canulas
 Glassware
Sterilization: Third Stage
Required for all instruments or supplies that will
penetrate a client’s skin or come in contact in areas
below the integumentary level.
Any instrument that will come in contact with a sterile
field
Sterilization
Required for all instruments or supplies that will
penetrate a patient’s skin or any other normally
sterile area of the body.
First sanitize it and/or disinfect it.
Autoclaving
Chemical (cold) processes
Dry heat processes
Gas processes
Microwave processes
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Autoclave
Primary method of
sterilizing instruments
Steam operate at lower
temperature
Moist steam permeates
the wrapping
Moisture causes
coagulation of proteins
causing cells to burst
and killing them.
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Autoclave (cont.)
1.Prepare instruments by wrapping in
muslin or special porous paper
2.Preheat according to manufacturer’s
guidelines
3.Perform any quality control procedures
4.Load instruments and equipment
5.Set the autoclave for the correct time after
temperature and pressure has been
reached
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Autoclave (cont.)
6. Run the autoclave through
sterilization cycle and drying cycle
7. Remove the instruments and
equipment
8. Store the instruments and
equipment properly
9. Clean autoclave and surrounding
area
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Other Methods of Sterilization
Chemical – using chemicals
solutions (Chemiclave) when
heat can’t be used
Dry heat – used when can’t use
moist heat or chemicals
Gas – used in hospitals takes
longer than steam
Microwave – low pressure
steam with radiation to produce
localized heat that kills
microorganisms.
Microorganism
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Apply Your Knowledge
How would you know the autoclave is
working?
.
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Apply Your Knowledge
When would you use a chemical process to
sterilize instruments?
Storage of Autoclaved instruments
 What is the most important detail about where you
would store sterilized instruments?
Apply Your Knowledge
 What is the difference between sanitization
and sterilization?
Apply Your Knowledge
What is the difference between
sanitization and sterilization?
Sanitization is the cleaning and scrubbing instruments and
equipment to remove contaminated materials and
microorganisms.
Sterilization is the complete destruction of all microorganisms pathogenic, beneficial, and harmless - from the surface of
instruments and equipment.
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