Transcript Cycles: Earth, Sun, Moon by MTDavis

VIRTUAL FIELD TRIP, part one
http://www.uccs.edu/~tchriste/courses/PES1
05/105lectures/figures/SunEarthMoon.gif
by M.T Davis
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SUN
SOL
SOLAR
systEM
Moon
LUNA
EARTH
TERRA
Microsoft clip art
DIAGRAM OF THE
SOLAR SYSTEM
Without planet
names
QUIZ yourself!
LINKS TO EXPLORE
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
With planet
names and
links
CLICK below to watch a
video about our solar
system
Where in the universe is
our solar system?
SOLAR SYSTEM
SIMULATOR from
NASA:http://space.jpl.
nasa.gov/
Video credit:
http://port.inst.cl.uh.edu/portfolio/CrawfordG7517/Po
rtfolio/Audio_Visual/Solar_System
Click below, resize screen, and push start, for animation
about the origin our solar system: solarsystemform.mov,
http://www.iuwe.net/elearn/b02/32.htm
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Solar System
Interesting
facts about
the SUN
Video list
BASIC INFO
Eclipses:
VIDEOS
information,
activities
1
2
SUN NEWS
AND IMAGES
How eclipses
work
Moon
blocking
the sun
Video credits:
http://www.space.com/science/astronomy/e
clipse.html
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A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon
passes between the Sun and the Earth so
that the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth.
The photo inset shows what the eclipse
looks like from Earth.
Photo courtesy of Dennis diCicco.), Chapter 1 ,Figure 1.14 ; Thomas T. Arny,
Explorations: an Introduction to Astronomy , McGraw-Hill
DIAGRAM TO
READ AND
COLOR
Answers
More on Solar Eclipses
EnchantedLearning.com
Label the Solar Eclipse
More Astronomy Activities
Earth - the planet on which we live.
Moon - the natural satellite of the Earth.
Penumbra means”almost shade,” - the area in which the shadow of an object (the moon on the
Earth) is partial, and the area in which a partial solar eclipse is experienced.
Sun - the star in our Solar System.
Umbra –means “shade,” the area in which the shadow of an object (the moon on the Earth) is
total, and the area in which a total solar eclipse is experienced.
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SITES TO EXPLORE !
Zoom Astronomy
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/
Windows to the Universe
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/
NASA Kids’ pages
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/kids/nasakids.cfm
StarChild: The Solar System: info, visuals, games, activities
http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/solar_system_level1/solar_system.html
Solar System Journey
http://www.thegrid.org.uk/learning/science/madscientist/resources/space/solar_system/solar_journey
Activities
http://www.vendian.org/mncharity/dir3/solarsystem/
Great info and images
www.space.com
www.spaceweather.com
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Why does Mercury revolve
around the sun so fast?
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SUN (sol)
ANSWERS
picture from
Hint:
EnchantedLearning.com ( Copyright ©2001)
My Very Excellent Memory Just Showed Us Nine Planetss
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MENU
Click on any planet’s name for more information
Animation, images, and wonderful facts at
http://www.adlerplanetarium.org
The Sun is a star at the
center of our solar
system. Our Sun is a
medium-sized yellow star
that is 93,026,700 miles
(149,680,000 km) from
Earth. Its diameter is
865,121 miles (1,391,980
km). At its core, nuclear
reactions produce
enormous amounts of
energy, through the
process of converting
hydrogen atoms into
helium atoms (nuclear
fusion). The Sun's
absolute magnitude is
+4.83. The solar mass is
1.99 x 1030 kg.
Source:
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/
astronomy/activities/coloring/Sun.shtml
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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE SUN
•The SUN is about 109 times bigger than the Earth.
• about 1,300,000 Earths could fit inside the Sun .
•The Sun's mass is is about 333,000 times the mass
of the Earth.
•The Sun contains 99.8% of all of the mass of the SOLAR
System.
•the sun is like a fusion reactor. ITS core converts
hydrogen into helium. This releases huge amounts of
energy, which light and heat our planet.
• The sun is about five billion years old and will live for
about another five billion years.
MORE
“heart”
“crown”
Energy ransfers
RADIATION
Radiant energy travels
in waves and is
sometimes called
electromagnetic energy.
An example is visible
light.
“color”
CONDUCTION
Atoms pass energy from
atom to atom.
“light”
HYDROGEN
atoms fuse
snd become
HELIUM
atoms and
release A LOT
of energy
CONVECTION
atoms move, carrying
energy
Adapted from
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How the sun affects the earth
It gives the earth energy: light and heat and sound and the whole
electromagnetic spectrum.
The light gives us plants,
the producers in our food
chain, and gives us vision
and color. The heat gives
us weather and climate
zones and many different
biomes. Go to the next
screen to see all of the
kinds of energy included in
the electromagnetic
spectrum
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http://www.worldnet.net/home/tonya/astrel/7th
science/electromag/spectrum
.htm
emspect.gif
saturn.vcu.edu/~rgowdy/
astro/mod/010/f.html
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EARTH
Why are there different CLIMATES in
different places on Earth? Click below.
terra
Earth’s motions and why they matter
(1) Rotation
(3) Tilt
(2) Revolution
added
to REVOLUTION
Credit:UN FAO
Gives us day
& night!
Click
here
Gives US
Gives us
YEARS
SEASONS
Click
here
Click
here
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Rotation: The Latin word ROTA
means
“WHEEL.”
ROTATE means to spin around your own
center, like a WHEEL.
Which of these are examples of rotation?
Why?
Which one is NOT ROTATION? Why?
www.mcwdn.org/
MAPS&GLOBES/Re
volution.GIF
AXIS
AXIS
The EARTH
rotates
(counterclockwise )
around its
own center
or AXIS,
once every
24 hours.
ONE rotation
=24 hours =
ONE day
The rotation of the
EARTH causes NIGHT
and DAY.
As the EARTH rotates,
half of it faces the light
of the SUN (DAY TIME,)
while the other half is in
the dark, facing away
from the sun (NIGHT
TIME.)
One entire rotation
takes
24 hours.
CLICK HERE for another EARTH
VIEWER which lets you watch day and
night move over the earth as it turns.
TRY clicking ANIMATE at the bottom
right, to see the cycle speed up
revolution
Revolution does not mean to spin
around your own center. it means to
go around something else (as in an
orbit.)
CLICK below to see animation of all of
Earth
REVOLVING
around the
SUN
The planets REVOLVING around the SUN
www.mcwdn.org/
MAPS&GLOBES/
Revolution.GIF
POP QUIZ!!! WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN
EXAMPLE OF ROTATIION and which of REVOLUTION ?
WHY?
1.
A spinning coin
1.
rotation
2.
Walking around your desk.
2.
revolution
3.
The motion of hands on a clock.
3. ANSWERS
rotation
4.
A merry-go-round
4.
rotation
5.
Running a lap around the field.
5.
revolution
Copernican1.
mov
:http://wps.pr
enhall.com/e
sm_chaisson
_BG4/0%2C7
633%2C6954
70%2C00.html
Earth ‘revolves’ around the sun once every 365 and ¼
days. ONE revolution = ONE year. Each year is 365 days long,
with an extra day added every 4th year (leap year).
One rotation
= 24 hours =
one day
One revolution =
365.25 days =
one year
http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/classes/Geog3/a/lecture03_files/frame.html
REVOLUTION
does NOT cause
SEASONS. The
axis of the earth is
NOT straight up
and down, but
TILTS 23.5 °. This
is what causes the
SEASONS.
The average speed of Earth in its
orbit is about 66,000 mph
Motionsoftheearth.ppt, slide 4
CLICK on the
movie on the next
page for an
explanation with
pictures.
CLICK ON THE PICTURE, then
PRESS START arrow
Earth’s TILT causes the SEASONS
Look where the sun’s direct rays are concentrated in
summer and winter
JUNE
DECEMBER
SUMMER SOLSTICE: WHICH
hemisphere gets MOST light ?
WINTER SOLSTICE: WHICH
Hemisphere gets LEAST light ?
So, who has summer?
So, who has winter?
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Moon
Lunar
Phases
info
and
video
About
the
moon
See the
moon
phase
for any
date and
time !
MOON
CALENDAR for
ANY MONTH
YOU CHOOSE
MONTH means“one
moon cycle”- one cycle
takes about 29.5 days
luna
Play with and
practice LUNAR
PHASES: There are directions
at bottom left
Dyson’s
animated moon
map and
activities
MOON and
TIDES
Lunar
maps
and
Latin
place
names
MOON
VIEWER
LUNAR
ECLIPSES
MENU
In 1647, a Polish astronomer, Johannes Hevelius, a Polish
astronomer, published the first study of lunar topography in a book
called Selenographia, “Description of the Moon.” It included
many excellent lunar maps with Latin names given to the
geographical features on the surface of the moon. Many of the
names given by him to the lunar mountains, craters, and other
features are still used. Click below for two different maps, one
more like his and one interactive.
MOON MAP
with Latin
names
AWESOME
Dyson’s ANIMATED
MOON MAP !
WHAT the
LATIN NAMES
MEAN
MORE
GREAT
MOON links !
MOON LINKS !!
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LACUS= lake
MARE = “sea”
SINUS= gulf”
OCEANUS=ocean
WHAT the
LATIN NAMES
MEAN
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TIDES are caused when the
earth’s seas are pulled outward
by the gravitational forces of
the MOON and SUN.
CLICK above for TIDE
movie !
moon
Info and
diagrams about
tides
1
2
TIDAL BULGES on
earth
MENU
Lunar eclipse .............. moon enter's Earth's shadow
http://www.uccs.
edu/~tchriste/co
urses/PES105/1
05lectures/105le
cmotions.html
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes
between the Sun and Moon, causing the Earth's
shadow to fall on the Moon. Some sunlight leaks
through the Earth's atmosphere casting a deep
reddish light on the Moon. The photo inset shows
what the eclipse looks like from Earth.
Photo courtesy of Dennis diCicco.), Chapter 1, fig. 15
; Thomas T. Arny, Explorations: an Introduction to
Astronomy , McGraw-Hill
MENU
ONE ROTATION of the earth on it’s axis = ONE DAY
ONE MOON CYCLE =about 29.5 DAYS, which should be
ONE MONTH. 12 X 29.5 = 354 days, 11 days short of the
real SOLAR CALENDAR, so Julius Caesar, with the help
of Greek science, changed our months to 30 or 31 day
months which no longer match the moon cycles.
February was given only 28 days, or in leap years, 29.
OUR YEAR is a SOLAR year. It takes the SUN 365.25
days to complete ONE REVOLUTION around the sun,. so
each year = 365 days, with the additional time added up
into ONE EXTRA day in February, every fourth year.
Click to the
right for
A history of
time
measurement
NIST Physics Laboratory Presentation : A Walk
through TIME. The Evolution of Time Measurement
through the ages
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