Transcript No Slide Title

FIBRULINE - FIBRULOSE
NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS
SOLUTIONS BY NATURAL INGREDIENTS
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Fructo-Oligosaccharides
 Non Digestible Oligosaccharide (NDO)
 Belonging to the ‘Fructan’ group
 Soluble Dietary Fibre
 Dosage
AOAC Fructan methods
(AOAC 997.08; AOAC 999.03)
 Reduced calorie content (1 - 1,5 Kcal/g)
 Subject to local regulation
 Suitable for diabetics
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Health benefits
Strong / Promising Evidence
 Dietary fibre
 Not digested
 Fermentation
 Improved intestinal functions
 Bifidus promotor - Prebiotic effect
 Improved Ca- absorption
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Health benefits
First Preliminary Evidence
 Modulation of lipid metabolism
 reduced blood lipids
 less ‘bad’ cholesterol
 Reduction of the risk of colon cancer
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Fibruline, Fibrulose
HEALTH CLAIMS
SOLUBLE DIETARY FIBRE
source of natural fibre - soluble fibre - contributes to the digestive comfort
for your digestive health - natural intestinal transit
BIFIDOGENIC - PREBIOTIC
balance and well-being - balance of intestinal flora - bifidogenic fibres
helps to fight harmful bacteria - helps to maintain a healthy intestinal system
IMPROVED CALCIUM ABSORPTION
better calcium uptake - optimal calcium assimilation
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Fibruline, Fibrulose
HEALTH CLAIMS
SOLUBLE DIETARY FIBRE
source of natural fibre - soluble fibre - contributes to the digestive comfort
for your digestive health - natural intestinal transit
BIFIDOGENIC - PREBIOTIC
balance and well-being - balance of intestinal flora - bifidogenic fibres
helps to fight harmful bacteria - helps to maintain a healthy intestinal system
IMPROVED CALCIUM ABSORPTION
better calcium uptake - optimal calcium assimilation
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Dietary fibre
 No worldwide accepted definition
 Trowell (1976)
 Remnants of edible plant cells resistant to
hydrolysis by human alimentary enzymes,
including celluloses, hemicelluloses,
oligosaccharides, pectins, gums, plus waxes
and lignin
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Dietary fibre
 Prosky (2000), as proposed to the AACC
 Edible parts of plants or analogous carbohydrates
that are resistant to digestion and absorption in
the human small intestine with complete or partial
fermentation in the large intestine, including
polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, lignin and
associated plant substances.
Dietary fibre promote beneficial physiological
effects including laxation and/or blood glucose
attenuation.
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Dietary Fibre
Insoluble fibre
Soluble fibre
insoluble in aqueous
solutions designed to
stimulate the human
digestive system
soluble in aqueous
solutions designed to
stimulate the human
digestive system
cellulose, some
hemicelluloses, lignin, ...
pectins, some hemicelluloses,
fructo-oligosaccharides,
-glucans, gums, ...
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General effects of soluble dietary fibre
Soluble fibre action
Health effects
MOUTH
STOMACH
 Increase stomach filling
 Delay gastric emptying
 Give satiety effect
SMALL
INTESTINE
 Delay transit
 Sequestration of bile acids
 Delay absorption of nutrients
 Decrease glycemic response & insulin
secretion (diabetes)
 Prevent coronary heart diseases
LARGE BOWEL
 Produce SCFA by
fermentation
 Decrease colonic pH
 Decrease putrefactive bacteria
 Prevent coronary heart disease
 Prevent colon cancer
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Fibruline- Fibrulose : Dietary fibre
Not digested
Mouth
No hydrolysis
Negligible bacterial breakdown
Stomach
Negligible acid hydrolysis
No absorption
Small intestine
No enzymatic hydrolysis
No absorption
Colon
Fermentation
Stools
No excretion
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Fibruline - Fibrulose : Fermentation
10% CO2, H2 , CH4
Excretion
50% Short chains
Fatty acids
Energy losses through
inefficient metabolism
and excretion
Fermentation
by
colonic
microflora
( Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate)
40% Bacterial
biomass
Useful energy
(1,0 kcal/g)
Excretion
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Fermentation evidence
 In vitro:
 Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) formed upon
incubation with human fecal microflora
 Animals:
 SCFA formed in the rat cecum
 Human:
 Absence in stools, bifidus stimulation, pH drop
 Increased breath hydrogen excretion 3 to 8 hours
after intake of 9 g Fibruline
Brighenti, F., Casiraghi, M.C., Canzi, E. and Ferrari, A. 1999,
Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 53, 726-733
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Improvement of intestinal functions
Fecal bulking
 partially hydrolyzed inulin: 1.3 g increase in stool weight /g
(from 136 to 154 g daily stool)
 Gibson et al, 1995 (15 g/d, 15 days, 8 pers. 21-48 y.)
 inulin: 2.0 g increase in stool weight /g
(from 92 to 123 g daily stool)
 Gibson et al, 1995 (15 g/d, 15 days, 4 pers. 21-48 y.)
 long chain inulin: 1.5 g increase in stool weight /g (from 91
to 113 g daily stool)
 den Hond et al, 2000 (15 g/d, 7 days, 6 pers. 20-49 y.)
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Improvement of gastro-intestinal
functions
Relief of constipation
 15 g/day inulin or partially hydrolyzed inulin increased
stool frequency in healthy volunteers
 Gibson et al, 1995 (15 days, 8 pers. 21-48 y.)
 20-40 g/day inulin reduced functional constipation in
females suffering from constipation (increase in stool
frequency from 1-2 to 8-9 / week)
 Kleessen et al, 1997 (19 days, 10 pers. 68-89 y.)
 15 g/ day long chain inulin increased stool frequency
(from 4.0 to 6.5 / week) in healthy volunteers with low
stool frequency
 Den Hond et al, 2000 (2 weeks, 6 pers. 20-49 y.)
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Improvement of gastro-intestinal
functions
Prevention or treatment of diarrhoea
 Not sufficient literature data
 Some types of diarrhoea may be caused by the


reduction or disappearance of the bifidus population in
favour of coliform bacteria or clostridia
Chicory fructo-oligosaccharides selectively stimulate
beneficial bacteria (like bifidobacteria) in the colon
By improving the balance of intestinal
microflora, it is suggested that stool
conditions of diarrhoea can be normalized
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Fibruline - Fibrulose
SOLUBLE DIETARY FIBRE
 Recommended daily fibre intake
 20 - 40 g/day of which 5 - 10 g soluble fibre
 Nutrition Claims (Codex alimentarius)
 Source of fibre
3 g/ 100 g OR 1.5 g per 100 kcal or per serving
 High in fibre, Rich in fibre, Excellent source of fibre
6 g/ 100 g OR 3 g per 100 kcal or per serving
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Fibruline - Fibrulose
SOLUBLE DIETARY FIBRE
 Health Claims




improved intestinal functions
better regularity
relief of constipation
contributes to digestive comfort
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Fibruline - Fibrulose : acceptability
 Generally well accepted but too large daily consumption may cause
digestive problems. It can be perceived as flatulence or cramps.
The most severe symptom is diarrhea, but this is reported very rarely and
only at extremely high doses
 Many scientific studies have been conducted on fructo-oligosaccharides
and show that there is a small fraction of the population which is very
sensitive (1 to 4%)
 For unadapted people the following max. daily doses are recommended.
 Single dose
10 g per day (*)
 Multiple doses 20 g per day (*)
(*) - In case of regular intake these doses can be increased
without symptom appearance
- Molecules with higher DP are easier accepted than lower DP
molecules due to lower osmotic pressure and slower fermentation
- Sensitivity in solid foods is lower than in liquid foods
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Fibruline, Fibrulose
HEALTH CLAIMS
SOLUBLE DIETARY FIBRE
source of natural fibre - soluble fibre - contributes to the digestive comfort
for your digestive health - natural intestinal transit
BIFIDOGENIC - PREBIOTIC
balance and well-being - balance of intestinal flora - bifidogenic fibres
helps to fight harmful bacteria - helps to maintain a healthy intestinal system
IMPROVED CALCIUM ABSORPTION
better calcium uptake - optimal calcium assimilation
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The pre- pro- and syn- biotic
concepts
 Prebiotic
 “non digestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by
selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited
number of bacteria already resident in the colon, and thus improves
host health”
 Probiotics
 “a live microbial food supplement, that beneficially affects the host
by improving its intestinal microbial balance”
 Synbiotics
 “a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics that benefically affects the
host by improving the survival and implementation of live microbial
dietary supplements in the gastrointestinal tract, by selectively
stimulating the growth and/or activating the metabolism of one or a
limited number of health promoting bacteria, and thus improving
host welfare”
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Fermentation in colon
Rapid fermentation
Slower fermentation
Carbohydrate rich
Protein rich
pH acid (> 4.5)
pH ± 7
transit 6-16 h
transit 12-36 h
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Bifidogenic / Prebiotic effect
•  vitamin B - production
• cramps
• diarrhoea
• bad digestion
Bad
bacteria
Neutral
bacteria
• restore normal intestinal
flora after antibiotics
Good
bacteria •  boost immunity,  infections
•  blood cholesterol
• more sensible to diseases
•  bad bacteria
 Fibruline and Fibrulose are a very good and
selective substrate for the ‘good bacteria’,
especially the Bifidobacteria !!
 This is what we call ‘bifidogenic effect ’ or ‘Bifidus
promoter effect’ or ‘prebiotic effect’
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Fibruline - Fibrulose : Bifidus
Promotor
Reduce blood
ammonia levels
Lower blood
cholesterol levels
Act as a immunomodulators
BIFIDOBACTERIA
Inhibit the growth of
potential pathogens
Restore normal intestinal
flora after antibiotics therapy
Produce vitamins
(B group)
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Prebiotic effect - Major issues
 Among Non Digestible Oligosaccharides (NDO), most
convincing evidence exists for fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)
 Impact of chain length
 Numerous studies on very short chain (synthetic) FOS
 Sufficient in vitro and in vivo studies on commercially
available chicory FOS (inulin / oligofructose)
each study on 1 particular commercial product
very few studies on systematic comparison of different commercial
products (different chain lengths) - see next slide
 Dosage
 First studies on rather high (irrealistic) dosages
 Confirmations must be made at lower dosages
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Prebiotic effect Impact of chain length
 In vitro, it was observed that both inulin and partially
hydrolyzed inulin were rapidly and completely metabolized by
mixed human fecal bacteria. Inulin was fermented on average
half as quickly as partially hydrolyzed inulin
 Wang and Gibson, 1993; Roberfroid et al, 1998
 Both chicory inulin and partially hydrolyzed inulin,
administered to human volunteers at 15 g/d, increased the
number of bifidobacteria (at equal magnitude for both fructan
products) and decreased the number of potential pathogens
 Gibson et al, 1995 (15 days, 8 pers. 21-48 y.)
 In the final report from the ENDO project on non-digestible
oligosaccharides (1999) the authors concluded that inulin-type
fructans, independent of chain length, all have significant
prebiotic properties
 Van Loo et al, 1999SOLUTIONS BY NATURAL INGREDIENTS
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Bifidogenic effect Studies with chicory FOS from Cosucra
 In vitro trial with single bifidobacteria strains of human origin
 Fibrulose F97, Fibruline Instant and Fibruline LC can
all be used as fermentation substrates by bifidobacteria
 The highest biomass, and acetate and lactate production,
was obtained with Fibrulose F97
 Speed of FOS consumption decreases with increasing DP
 Shorter chains are required for the use of longer ones
 At regulated pH (pH 6), Fibrulose F97 and Fibruline
Instant are completely ( 90%) fermented
 Perrin et al, 2001 (submitted); Durieux et al, 2001 (accepted)
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Bifidogenic effect
In vitro data
 Fibrulose F97, Fibruline Instant and Fibruline LC are
fermented by human single bifidobacteria strains
Perrin et al (submitted); Durieux et al, 2001
Longer chains
are more slowly
fermented
Dp3 to Dp5 ()
Dp6 to Dp8 ()
Dp9 to Dp11 ()
Dp12 to Dp14 ()
Dp15 to Dp17 ()
Dp18 to Dp20 ()
Dp21 to Dp23 ()
Dp27 to Dp29 ()
Dp33 to Dp35 ()
Dp39 to Dp41 ().
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Bifidogenic / Prebiotic effect Studies with chicory FOS from Cosucra
 After consumption of 9g/day Fibruline incorporated in
a breakfast cereal, significant increases in
bifidobacteria were found in healthy volunteers
 Brighenti et al, 1999 (4 weeks, 11 pers. 22-24 y.)
 Fibruline significantly increased bifidobacteria in
healthy subjects consuming a fat-reduced diet
containing 22-34 g/day Fibruline as fat replacer
 Kruse et al, 1999 (9 weeks, 8 pers. 26-53 y.)
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Bifidogenic / Prebiotic effect -
CFU (Log 10) / g feces
Long term effect of Fibruline
12
11.5
11
10.5
10
9.5
9
Total bacteria
Bifidobacteria
before
27 days
Fibruline
62 days
Fibruline
34 days
follow-up
Kruse et al, 1999 (22-34 g Fibruline / day, 9 weeks, 8 pers. 26-53 y.)
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Bifidogenic / Prebiotic effect Other significant studies on chicory FOS
 20-40 g inulin fed to constipated elderly persons
significantly increased fecal bifidobacteria count, at the
same time relieving their constipation
 Kleessen et al, 1997 (19 days, 10 pers. 68-89 y.)
 A selective increase in fecal bifidobacteria counts in
healthy volunteers was found after administration of a diet
supplemented with 5g/day partially hydrolyzed inulin
 Rao, 2001 (3 weeks, 8 pers. 24-48 y.)
 8 g long chain inulin significantly increased bifidobacteria
in healthy volunteers
 Tuohy et al, 2001 (2 weeks, 9 pers. 20-55 y.)
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Clinical studies with infants
 Saavedra et al, JPGN 29, 95 (1999) (abstract)
 124 healthy children 4-24 months attending day-care
centres
 3 month supplementation of cereal supplemented with
partially hydrolysed inulin (1.1 g/day)
 significant lower frequency of regurgitation and
discomfort
 no difference in incidence of loose stools or diarrhoea
but less severe symptoms and day care absenteism
 less fever and antibiotic prescription
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Clinical studies with infants
 Firmansyah et al, JPGN August 7, 2000 (Abstract)
 24 infants 8 monts old, 10 weeks feeding period
 post-measles vaccination IgG levels were higher in
supplemented (1 g chicory FOS / 25 g cereal) group
 Rigo et al, JPGN 32, N° 3, March 2001 (abstract)
 14 healthy term infants 0-2 months
 rapid bifidogenic effect of 4 g/l of a mixture of galactooligosaccharides and long chain inulin
 Moro et al, JPGN 32, N° 3, March 2001 (abstract)
 30 term infants, 28 days feeding period
 bifidogenic effect of 4 or 8 g/l of a mixture of galactooligosaccharides and long chain inulin
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Safety for infants
 ‘Oligofructose, fructooligosaccharides, FOS can be
used as ingredients of follow-on formulae intended for
use in older infants (4-12 months) in a concentration
of up to 8 g/l in the product ready for consumption’
(EC Scientific Committee on Food SCF/CS/NUT/IF/35, 27/09/2001)
 ‘The safe use of a mixture of inulin and galactooligosaccharides can be extended to infants, aged
between 0 and 6 months’
(EC Scientific Committee on Food SCF/CS/NUT/IF/47, 14/12/2001)
 Benefits of Fibruline - Fibrulose
 Bifidus promoter, considered to have beneficial effects in
infants, such as some protection against enteric infections
(EC Scientific Committee on Food SCF/CS/NUT/IF/35, 27/09/2001)
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Synbiotic effect
 Weaning piglets (Nemcova et al, 1999)

 L. paracasei
Clostridium
Enterobacteria
 L. paracasei
+
partially
hydrolysed inulin
Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli
Clostridium
Enterobacteria
Enterococcus
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Synbiotic effect
 Ingestion of a Bifidobacterium sp fermented milk substantially
increased the proportion of bifidobacteria in the colonic flora.
Concurrent administration of 18 g/day Fibruline did not
immediately enhance this effect
 Bouhnik et al, 1996 (12 days, 12 pers. 20-38 y.)
 2 weeks after finishing the ingestion of the fermented milk
(with or without inulin), bifidobacteria decreased in all subjects.
However, subjects who ingested the fermented milk with
Fibruline showed a higher fecal bifidus population than
persons who ingested the fermented product without inulin
 Therefore, it was concluded that, in combination
with bifidobacteria, inulin was able to sustain a
higher bifidus populations for longer periods of time
 Rao, 1999
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Bifidogenic / Prebiotic effect
Conclusion
 About 12 published human intervention studies
show selective bifidogenic effect
–for different types of FOS
–at different daily doses (4-40 g/day)
–after supplementation times of 1 - 9 weeks
–in volunteers of all ages (0-90 y)
 Difference only in speed of fermentation
 A slower fermentation of longer chains can be
advantageous because of
 fermentation in more distal colon
 lower gasSOLUTIONS
formation
(flatulence)
BY NATURAL INGREDIENTS
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Fibruline - Fibrulose
BIFIDOGENIC - PREBIOTIC
 Health
claims
(Enh
 Health claims (Enhanced
function
claims)
 helps to fight harmful bacteria
 bifidogenic - prebiotic
 balance and well-being  helps to maintain a healthy
intestinal system
 balance of intestinal flora
 no clear regulation today on Codex or EC level but
scientific support for bifidogenic effect at daily dosage of
7 g/ day for Fibrulose F97
9 g/ day for Fibruline ST / Instant
8 g/ day for Fibruline LC
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Fibruline, Fibrulose
HEALTH CLAIMS
SOLUBLE DIETARY FIBRE
source of natural fibre - soluble fibre - contributes to the digestive comfort
for your digestive health - natural intestinal transit
BIFIDOGENIC - PREBIOTIC
balance and well-being - balance of intestinal flora - bifidogenic fibres
helps to fight harmful bacteria - helps to maintain a healthy intestinal system
IMPROVED CALCIUM ABSORPTION
better calcium uptake - optimal calcium assimilation
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Fibruline - Fibrulose:
Bio-availability of minerals
 Osteoporosis results in high incidence of bone




fracture for women (30%) after menopause
Consumption of Ca-enriched foods during
adolescence (<30y) is known to maximize the
bone mineral density
But only 30-50% of dietary Ca is absorbed by
the body and deposited in the bones
Most dietary fibres impair the bio-availability of
Ca-Mg-Fe due to phytic and uronic acids
For inulin-type fructans an improvement of Ca
absorption is reported at the level of the large
intestine
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Calcium homeostasis
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Ca absorption
Maximal ‘peak bone mass’ during adolescence can delay
risk for osteoporosis
Bone mass density
Women after menopause loose
±10% bone mass per decade
DANGER ZONE
Bone of 30 y. old woman
Bone of 60 y. old woman
AGE (years)
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Bio-availability of minerals
Animal studies with
chicory FOS from Cosucra
 Significant increase of cecal Ca and Mg absorption with 5
to 20% Fibruline in the diet
 Levrat et al,1991 (3 weeks, 12 rats)
 Rémésy et al, 1993 (3 weeks, 12 rats)
 Enhanced apparent mineral absorption (Ca: +20%, Mg:
+50%, Fe: +23%, Cu: +45%) and slight increased Ca and
Mg content in bones with 10% Fibruline in the diet.
Moreover, Fibruline counteracts the negative effects from
phytic acid (especially on Fe, Zn and Cu absorption) by
stimulating bacterial hydrolysis of phytic acid and by
improving cecal absorption of minerals
 Lopez et al, 2000 (3 weeks, 8 rats)
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Lopez et al, 2000
Apparent absorption (%)
80
Calcium
Magnesium
Apparent Fe absorption (%)
- Phytic acid
+ Phytic acid
60
50
60
40
% 40
% 30
20
20
10
0
Control
Fibruline
Control
Fibruline
0
Apparent Zn absorption (% )
- Phytic acid
Control Fibruline
Apparent Cu absorption (% )
- Phytic acid
+ Phytic acid
30
Control Fibruline
+ Phytic acid
40
25
30
20
% 15
% 20
10
10
5
0
0
Control
Fibruline
Control
Fibruline
Control
Fibruline
Control
Fibruline
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Bio-availability of minerals
Animal studies
 Inulin and partially hydrolysed inulin, to the same extent,
significantly improve the absorption of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn
in rats

Delzenne
et al, 1995
(3 weeks,
10 rats)
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Bio-availability of calcium
Human study with
chicory FOS from Cosucra
 Increasing consumption of up to 40 g/day Fibruline
increases the apparent Ca - absorption with 58% in
human volunteers
(21,3% placebo - 33.7% inulin diet)
Also the Ca balance was
significantly increased
(+ 91.8 mg/d)
No negative effect on Mg and
Fe absorption
 Coudray et al, 1997
(26 days, 9 adults 21.5 +/- 2.5 y.)
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Bio-availability of calcium
Other significant human studies with chicory FOS
 Consumption of 15 g/day partially hydrolyzed inulin
increases the fractional Ca - absorption with 26%
(47,8% placebo - 60,1% oligofructose diet)
 van den Heuvel et al, 1999 (9 days, 11 young boys 14-16 y.)
 Ingestion of 8 g/day of a specific blend of chicory fructooligosaccharides increases Ca absorption with 20%
(32% placebo - 38% FOS diet)
 Abrams et al (not publ.) (3 weeks, 29 adolescent girls 11-14 y.)
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% increase in Ca
absorption
Summary of 3 human studies
on chicory FOS and Ca absorption
80
(1)
60
40
R2 = 0.996
(3)
20
(2)
0
0
20
40
60
g chicory FOS / day
• (1) Coudray et al, 1997
• (2) van den Heuvel et al, 1999
• (3) Griffin et al, 2002
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Positive effect of chicory FOS
on calcium metabolism
Proposed mechanisms
 Increased absorption occurs at the level of the large




intestine, not at the level of the small intestine
The decrease of the pH raises the solubility of calcium,
facilitating passive absorption
Hypertrophy (enlargement) of the intestinal wall leads
to a greater exchange surface area
SCFA may directly stimulate Ca absorption
Stimulated synthesis of Ca-binding proteins, such as
calbindin-D9k
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Fibruline - Fibrulose
IMPROVED CALCIUM ABSORPTION
 Health claims (Enhanced function claims)
 better calcium uptake
 optimal calcium assimilation
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Fibruline - Fibrulose:
Lipid metabolism
 Dietary carbohydrates can be transformed into fats in the



human body by a process called de novo lipogenesis
Raised blood cholesterol levels but also hypertriglyceridemia (too high blood lipids) are high risk factors
for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Hyper-triglyceridemia is a lipid abnormality often seen in
non-insulin-dependent diabetics and obese people
Despite consistent evidence for triglyceride-lowering
action of inulin in animal models, evidence in humans is
less clear cut
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Modulation of lipid metabolism
Animal studies with chicory FOS from Cosucra
 Fibruline displayed a slight hypocholesterolemic effect in rats
fed a 5%, 10% or 20% inulin diet. Plasma triglycerides were
suppressed only in rats fed the 20% inulin diet.
 Levrat et al, 1991 (3 weeks, 12 rats)
 A slight hypocholesterolemic effect (-11%) was found with a
10% Fibruline LC diet.
Plasma and liver triglycerides were not significantly affected.
Fecal bile acid excretion slightly increased.
Furthermore, an enlargement of the cecum and a decreased
pH were observed with the inulin diet. Also short-chain fatty
acids increased with very high cecal propionic acid production.
 Levrat et al, 1994 (3 weeks, 10 rats)
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Modulation of lipid metabolism
Animal studies with chicory FOS from Cosucra
 Fecal excretion of sterols and biliary acids increased after
feeding 5% and 10% Fibruline diet.
The 10% inulin diet significantly reduced the serum total
cholesterol levels (free cholesterol + cholesterol bound to
LDL)
 Wilpart, 1991, internal report (6 weeks, 12 rats)
 IN CONCLUSION
Cosucra animal studies, together with other (+/- 15) animal
studies indicate significant cholesterol and/or triglycerides
reductions in rats or hamsters fed diets supplemented with
inulin, long chain inulin or partially hydrolyzed inulin
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Modulation of lipid metabolism
Human study with chicory FOS from Cosucra
 Plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerols (TAG)
 Canzi et al, 1995;
Brighenti et al, 1999
(4 weeks, 11 healthy pers.
22-25 y.)
TAG (mmol/l)
significantly decreased by 7.9 % and 21.2 % respectively
after consumption of 9g/day Fibruline incorporated in a
breakfast cereal.
TAG levels remained
Blood Triacylglycerols (TAG)
significantly lower
(mmol/l)
after one month of
1
cessation of inulin
0.8
0.6
supplementation.
0.4
0.2
0
Basal
Placebo
Fibruline
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Modulation of lipid metabolism
human subjects with increased blood lipids
 Inulin supplementation (18 g/d) may have blunted the
hyper-cholesterolemic effects of control foods in men and
women with moderately elevated cholesterol.
Small declines were observed for both LDL and total
cholesterol. Serum triglycerides tended to decrease.
 Davidson et al, 1998; 1999 (6 weeks, 25 pers. 30-75 y.)
 In men with hyper-cholesterolemia, a daily intake of 20 g
inulin reduced serum triglycerides by 40 mg/dl. Also a trend
toward a reduction in serum cholesterol was observed
 Causey et al, 2000 (3 weeks, 12 pers. 27-49 y.)
 A significant reduction in plasma triglycerides (-19%) was
found in healthy but slightly hyperlipidemic and
hypercholesterolemic adults who received 10 g/day long
chain inulin. Cholesterol levels were unchanged.
 Jackson et al, 1999 (8 weeks, 27 pers. 35-65 y.)
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Modulation of lipid metabolism
Proposed mechanisms
 Interference of propionate (SCFA formed upon fermentation)





with hepatic cholesterol synthesis (suppression) and bile acid
synthesis (stimulation)
Increased fecal excretion of bile acids, resulting in a reduction
of the body pool of cholesterol
Reduction of liver and serum triglycerides by decreased de
novo lipogenesis (synthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols)
in the liver
Increased clearance of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins by
stimulation of adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase activity
Stimulation of cholesterol 7-hydroxylase activity
Modifications of serum glucose and hormones
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Fibruline - Fibrulose:
Reduction of the risk of colon cancer
 Together with family history, lifestyle and environment,




diet is an important factor that may influence the risk of
developing some cancers
Colon cancer is one of the most important causes of
cancer death in both men and women in western countries
Including more high-fibre foods in the diet is one of the
general diet guidelines for cancer prevention
Preliminary animal data indicate that fructooligosaccharides have the potential to exert a protective
effect towards colon cancer
The combination of pre- and probiotics (synbiotics may be
the most effective strategy to maximise anticarcinogenic
effects (EU SYNCAN project)
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Fibruline - Fibrulose:
Reduction of the risk of colon cancer
 Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are considered to be early
precursor of colon tumours. They can be induced in rats by
injection with strong carcinogens.
 When 10% long chain inulin or partially hydrolysed inulin
was incorporated in the rat diet before carcinogen injection
and throughout the rest of the experiment, total ACF
decreased significantly by 35 and 25% resp.
The stronger inhibition by long chain inulin is explained by
slower fermentation, allowing it to reach the more distal
colon.
 Reddy et al, 1997 (11 weeks, 12 rats)
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Fibruline - Fibrulose:
Reduction of the risk of colon cancer
Synbiotic effect
 Upon administration of long chain inulin and
Bifidobacterium longum to rats, 1 week after carcinogen
injection, a clear synbiotic effect was observed on the
number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Also 2 other factors
associated with carcinogenesis - cecal -glucuronidase
activity and ammonia concentration - decreased.
 Rowland et al, 1998 (12 weeks, 15 rats)
 Prebiotic (Long chain inulin)
 Probiotic (B. longum)
 Synbiotic (Long chain inulin + B. longum)
-21% ACF
-29% ACF
-74% ACF
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Nutrition Uptake of essential
nutrients
Optimal balance of
nutrients
Applications
- Claims
Traditional foods
Foods for
particular
nutritional use
Improve general state
of health and wellbeing
Nutrient content
claim
Comparative
claims
Nutrient function
claims
Enhanced
function claim
Functional foods
Reduce the risk of
diseases
Supplements
Prevent, treat or cure
diseases
X
Medicinal claim
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disease risk
claim
60
Nutrition Claims
(Codex Alimentarius ‘97)
 Nutrient content claims
 Ex. High in fibre, source of calcium, low in fat
 Comparative claims
 Ex. Reduced…, Increased…, Less than…, More than…
 Nutrient function claims
 No reference to disease
 Ex. Ca might help development of strong bones
Above claims
• refer to known nutrients
• are based on established knowledge
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Health Claims
(EU Code of practice ’99)
 Enhanced function claims
 No reference to disease, allowed in some countries
 Ex. Bifidus promotor, increased bioavailability of Ca (FOS)
 Reduction of disease risk - claims
 Refer to diseases, only allowed in USA for certain foods
 Ex. psyllium, oat -glucans may reduce the risk of heart
disease
 Remark: Medical Claims = claims related to the cure, treatment or
prevention of disease are not allowed in EU and USA
Scientific dossier with evidence related to a specific product
will have to be introduced to a scientific committee.
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EU
USA
Enhanced
function claim
Structure /
Function claim
Health claim
Reduction of
disease risk
claim
Any statement, suggestion or
implication in food labelling and
advertising (including brand name
and pictures) that a food is in some
way beneficial to health, and lying
in the spectrum between, but not
including, nutrient claims and
medicinal claims (UK)
Health claim
Any statement that expressly or by
implication characterizes the
relationship of any substance to a
disease or health-related condition
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Health Claims
There are no bad foodstuffs, only unhealthy eating habits
Research steps on health claims
NUTRIENT
Theoretical research (mechanism)
Animal studies
Clinical studies
Descriptive epidemiology
Prospective epidemiology (EPIC)
FOOD
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Examples
Claim
Type of claim
Principle
FOS Legislation
Fibre enriched
Nutrition claim
OK
OK in most
countries (except
USA)
Bifidus promoter
Enhanced function
claim
OK
today precised in
B, F
Enhances Ca
absorption
Enhanced function
claim
OK
not precised today
not OK in EU !!
/
OK in USA
no approval for FOS
(only for psyllium,
oat B-glucans)
not OK in EU
and USA !!
/
May reduce the risk Reduction of disease
of heart disease
risk - claim
Prevents heart
disease
Medicinal claim
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Fibruline - Fibrulose for
healthy foods and beverages
 Dietary Fibre
 Improved intestinal functions
 Bifidus promotor or Prebiotic
 Balanced intestinal flora
 Improved calcium absorption
 Low calorie
 Sugar replacement
 Fat replacement
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