Transcript Classification Review

Learning Targets
“I Can…”
-Explain why biologists use scientific names rather
than common names.
-Name the classification system created by
Linnaeus.
-Give a brief history of classification.
-Identify the two classification groups that
correspond to the two-part scientific name.
-Correctly write/type a species’ name.
-Name the 6 kingdoms of life and 3 domains of life
that most scientists recognize and give the general
characteristics of each.
Why classify?
1. How many species are there?
• At least 2½ million . . . And many, many
more!
• New species are being discovered all of
the time
• There are places on Earth humans have
not been able to count the species
“We need an expedition to planet Earth, where
probably fewer than 10 percent of the life
forms are known to science, and fewer than 1
percent of those have been studied beyond a
simple anatomical description…”
E. O. Wilson 2006 “The Creation”
Why Classify?
2. To successfully
organize these
species, we must
place them into
manageable sized
groups
Why classify?
3. All biological classification systems. . .
a. Give a universally accepted name
to each organism
b. Place organisms with similar
characteristics into the same groups
Why classify?
4. Organisms are classified by binomial
nomenclature
a. Developed by Swedish botanist, Carolus
Linnaeus
b. Each species is assigned a two-part
name
c. Scientific names of organisms are
generally written in Latin, typed in italics,
or written and underlined
• Zea mays
• Acer rubrum
• Homo sapiens
Why classify?
5. Taxonomy is the science of assigning
scientific names
a. Allows organisms to be universally
identified
b. How do scientists know which
organisms are classified and named
together?
By their biologically important traits!
How do we classify?
1. Each classification
group becomes more
specific and as the
groups become more
specific, there are a
fewer number of
organisms in that
group
How do we classify?
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MOST GENERAL = Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
MOST SPECIFIC = Species
Scientists recognize three
DOMAINS of life
1. Domain Bacteria: Unicellular organisms
without a nucleus (prokaryotic), can be
free-living or parasites
2. Domain Archaea: Unicellular organisms
without a nucleus (prokaryotic), live in
areas without a lot of oxygen
3. Domain Eukarya: All organisms with a
nucleus (eukaryotic)
Three Domains of Life
Scientists generally recognize six
kingdoms of life
1. Kingdom Eubacteria
Characteristics: Single-celled organisms
without a nucleus, usually asexual,
bacteria with peptidoglycan cell walls
Scientists generally recognize six
kingdoms of life
2. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Characteristics: Single-celled organisms
without a nucleus, usually asexual,
bacteria that live in harsh, extreme
conditions
Scientists generally recognize six
kingdoms of life
3. Kingdom Protista
Characteristics: single-celled
organisms WITH a nucleus, some are
photosynthetic, examples are amoebas,
paramecium, algae
Scientists generally recognize six
kingdoms of life
4. Kingdom Fungi
Characteristics: multicellular
organisms, heterotrophic, examples
include mushrooms, yeast, ringworm,
athlete’s foot
Scientists generally recognize six
kingdoms of life
5. Kingdom Plantae
Characteristics: multicellular
organisms, perform photosynthesis,
includes, flowers, trees, and grasses
Scientists generally recognize six
kingdoms of life
6. Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics: multicellular,
heterotrophic, usually motile and
sensory, examples include
invertebrates and vertebrates, also
humans
References
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