Transcript Infective causes of diarrhoea

Infective diarrhoea
By
Remilekun Odetoyinbo
GPST1
Causes
• Bacteria
campylobacter
salmonella
Shigella
Staph
Cholera
• Viral
Rota, Adeno, Noro virus
• Parasites like giardia,
• Worms hook worms,pin worms
• Others amoebic dysentery
e-coli
clotridium
Signs and symptoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Fever
Bloating
Weight loss
Malaise
nausea
•
•
•
•
E coli.
Commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea
Main route is feacal to oral transmission .
Can get it from contaminated vegetables,
cheese
• Can be treated with amoxicillin or
cephalosporin
• Clostridium difficile.
• Most serious cause of antibiotic associated
diarrhoea.
• Presentation is mainly after antibiotics with
abdominal pain , bloating, loose foul smelling
stools
• Can be treated with metronidazole or
vancomycin if no response.
Viral causes
• Rota Virus
• Commonest cause of severe diarrhoea in infants
and children.
• Incubation period of 2 days
• Symptoms start with vomiting followed by 4-8
days of watery stools
• More associated with dehydration than bacterial
causes.
• Symptomatic management and rehydration is
essential
Viral causes
• Noro virus affects all ages
• Common in semiclosed or closed communities.
camps, hospital, dormitories
• Transmitted from person to person or from
contaminated food and water
• Incubation period 1-2 days.
• Last for 24-60 hours.
• Symptoms are mainly forceful vomiting,
diarrhoea, abdominal pain
• Handwashing is essential to reduce spread.
• Gardia Lamblia.
• Protozoa parasite.
• Got from contaminated water or faecal –oral
transmission.
• Causes villous atropy.
• Presents with weight loss, bloating steatorrhoea
epigastric pain nausea and explosive diarrhoea
• Treat with metronidazole first line . Others
tinidazole ,nitazoxamide
QUIZ
• Most common cause of severe diarrhoea in
infants and children
• The cause of 90% of non bacterial outbreaks
of diarrhoea in the world.
• Antibiotic of choice for campylobacter
• Commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea.
• Antibiotic of choice for Clostridium difficille
A Rota virus
B E-coli
C Noro virus
D Metronidazole
E Erythromycin
True or false
1 Gardia lamblia is a protozoan
2 Dehydration is twice more likely to occur in
diarrhoea of bacteria origin than with rota
virus
3 Noro virus infection can follow breathing air
near an episode of vomiting .
4 Alcohol gel is inadequate for infection control
when in contact with noro virus patients