Transcript Planets of Our Solar System

1. The Solar System
Solar System to Scale (size)
2. The Sun is the center of our solar
system. First proposed by
Copernicus in 1543.
People used to think the solar system
was Geocentric (Earth Centered)
• Early Greeks created
this model
• Problems with it
included retrograde
motion of planets (a
figure 8 path)
•
•
http://www.lasalle.edu/~smithsc/Astronomy/retr
ograd.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72FrZz_zJFU
Later observations confirmed the
Heliocentric Model (Sun Centered)
• Described in 1543
by Copernicus
• Confirmed by
Galileo using his
telescope to
observe Venus
3. The Sun contains 99.86% of all
the Solar System’s mass.
• The force of gravity from the sun holds our
solar system together.
• The larger an object’s mass, the greater its
gravitational force.
4. Planets closer to the Sun orbit the
Sun FASTER than planets farther
from the Sun.
•
•
http://janus.ast
ro.umd.edu/ja
vadir/orbits/ss
v.html
http://www.kid
sastronomy.co
m/solar_syste
m.htm
5. Which planet takes longer to orbit
the Sun?
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•
•
•
•
Neptune or Jupiter?
Mars or Earth?
Venus or Mercury?
Uranus or Saturn?
Pluto takes 248 years to complete
one orbit!
6. Why doesn’t Mercury
have an atmosphere?
• No atmosphere due to
– low gravitational pull (it’s
the smallest planet)
– high daytime temperatures
(2nd hottest planet)
– solar winds blast away any
remaining gasses
7. What causes Venus to
be so warm?
• Heat is trapped due to
the intense greenhouse
effect due to the thick
atmosphere.
• Temperatures average
460 degrees C on
Venus
Greenhouse Effect
Image of Maat Mons- the highest volcano
on Venus. Taken with radar since the
temperature and pressure destroy any probes
that land on the surface.
8. What makes Earth
different from all other
planets?
• It has liquid water
(not just frozen or
gas forms)
• Life is found here.
9. Identify all the features
found near/on Mars
• Ice caps (on N and
S poles)
• Volcanoes (largest
in the solar system
–taller than 3 Mt
Everests and wider
than Hawaiian
island chain)
• No Oceans (may have lots
of frozen water or even salt
water below the surface)
http://www.google.com/mars/
• No life
• A thin atmosphere of mostly
carbon dioxide
• Seasons (it has a tilted axis
like Earth)
• 2 moons
• No hot temperatures (range
is -125C to 35C)
10. What elements are primarily
found in Jupiter’s atmosphere?
• Hydrogen and helium
– If Jupiter were a little
larger, it may have
turned into a small star
11. Why do we study Jupiter’s
moons?
• Studying these
moons add to
the knowledge
about the origin
of Earth and
the rest of the
solar system
12.Saturn’s rings are made
out of particles of …
• Ice and rocks
13. Uranus is tipped on it’s
side, how did this probably
happen?
• A collision with
another object
probably tipped it
over.
14. When was Neptune
discovered and what gases
are found in it’s atmosphere?
• Discovered in 1846
• Methane gases give
Neptune it’s bluegreen color
15. Identify reasons why Pluto is
different from the other outer planets
• Only has a thin atmosphere, other outer
planets have thick atmospheres.
• Only outer planet with a solid, icy-rock
surface
Orbit of Pluto
The Inner Planets
The Inner Planets
• Small in size
• Solid/rocky
The Outer Planets
Outer Planets
• Large in size
• Made of gas
• Have rings
• Have many moons
Dwarf Planets
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqX2YdnwtRc&feature=related
– Orbit the sun, but have not “cleared the
neighborhood”- no clean path around Sun
– Be spherical in shape, but small
What can I see in the sky this
Autumn?
• http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx
?c=a&id=10184
Out of this World Lab
• What would be different about life on
another planet? Life on a star?
• You will be calculating weight, jumping
ability, and age if you lived on different
planets.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDpwtnGS6uc&feature=BFa&list=PL68BB0B53B47E8190&lf=results_main
Jumping
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ckHQy84ml4A
Falling
Vocabulary
• Mass-The amount of matter (stuff) in an
object.
– Stays the same from planet to planet
• Weight-A measurement of the gravitational
force acting on an object.
– Changes as you move from planet to
planet.
• Gravitational ForceThe force of attraction
between any two
objects.
– The more massive
the object is and the
closer it is, the
greater its
gravitational force.
• Planetary Year-the length of time it takes a
planet to revolve around the sun.
Predictions (Hypothesis)
• Weight Possible locations:
– Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Sun, White Dwarf
• Jumping locations:
– Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Sun, White Dwarf
• Age Possible locations:
– Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Neptune, Pluto
Weight on other planets- MULTIPLY your weight on
Earth by the gravity factor to calculate your weight on
another planet.
Weight on Earth
Gravity Factor
Mercury
110
0.38
Venus
110
0.91
Mars
110
0.38
Jupiter
110
2.36
Saturn
110
1.06
Uranus
110
0.89
Neptune
110
1.13
Pluto
110
0.07
The Moon
110
0.17
The Sun
110
27.1
A White Dwarf Star
110
1,300,000.00
Location
Weight (lbs)-round to the nearest whole
number
Jump on another planet- DIVIDE the distance of
your jump (in inches) on Earth by the gravity factor
to calculate your jump distance on another planets.
Location
Mercury
Jump on Earth
Gravity Factor
45 inches
0.38
Venus
0.91
Mars
0.38
Jupiter
2.36
Saturn
1.06
Uranus
0.89
Neptune
1.13
Pluto
0.07
The Moon
0.17
The Sun
27.1
A White Dwarf Star
1,300,000.00
Inches jumped (round to the nearest whole
number)
Age on another planet- MULTIPLY your age by the
planetary year factor to calculate your age on other
planets.
Location
Age on Earth
Planetary Year Factor
Mercury
12
4.15
Venus
12
1.63
Earth
12
1
Mars
0.53
Jupiter
0.08
Saturn
0.03
Uranus
0.012
Neptune
0.006
Pluto
0.004
Age (years)
Conclusions
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDab4e
6L0c0
• Magic school bus Gains Weight
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsXUmi
LRroo
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xICEt51
A-Ac
Larger objects (more massive)
have more gravity
Orbiting the Sun
Planet
Day Length
Year Length
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
58.65
0.24
243.01* 0.61
1.00
1.00
1.03
1.88
0.41
11.86
0.44
29.46
0.65*
84.07
0.77
164.82
Planet Names
• http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.
html
• Scale sizes of solar system:
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System_mod
el
– http://joshworth.com/dev/pixelspace/pixelspace
_solarsystem.html
• Scroll to the right