Transcript Rocky Intertidal Powerpoint

YOU NEED YOUR MARINE
BIO BOOK TODAY
ABSOLUTELY NO FOOD OR
DRINK IN LAB TODAY
JQ: Recall: What are the
effects of an oil spill in a
body of water?
1
GLOVES AND GOGGLES
MUST BE WORN TODAY
Tube 1:
2mL Tetra
Tube 2:
2mL Tetra
Tube 3:
Tube 4:
2mL water
2 mL water
10 drops of oil 10 drops oil
10 drops oil
10 drops oil
2 ml Water
2 mL water
2 mL bacteria
2 mL bacteria
2
When finished, read 225-248,
answer these questions:
1. Describe the difference between Rocky
intertidal and soft bottom intertidal.
2. Describe some of the unique hardships that
intertidal organisms face
3. Describe why space, and not food, is the
limiting factor in intertidal zones (for many
organisms)
4. What is vertical zonation? How does it reduce
competition among organisms?
5. Describe some of the unique hardships that
soft-bottom infauna face, and the adaptations
they possess.
3
ROCKY INTERTIDAL ZONE
Western US rocky intertidal zones –
less seasonal changes.
The greatest limiting factor is space.
Eastern US soft-bottomed intertidal zones - temperature changes
cause seasonal population changes.
The greatest limiting factor is climate.
4
Rocky coasts are characterized by:
- abundant food supply with good
light
- tides produce hours of flooding in
cool water followed by desiccation
(drying out) and high temperatures
- tidal pools are created and
emptied
- temperature and salinity fluctuate
- very distinct zonation worldwide
- wave shock
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pZ0PZBNgU4
- competition for space fierce (limiting factor)
5
COPING STRATEGIES / ADAPTATIONS:
- WATER LOSS:
- run & hide, clam up, tolerate
- allow drying out
- find tide pools
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QaMA5S1E1E
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyNEG-PvZmM
- TEMPERATURE
- tolerate
- move to moist areas
- light color
- SALINITY
- clam up
- tolerate
- RESTRICTED FEEDING (MOST ARE FILTER FEEDERS)
- only feed when tide is high
- tide height determines where they can live
6
COPING STRATEGIES / ADAPTATIONS:
- WAVE SHOCK:
- attach (holdfasts, byssal threads, glue)
- cling (suction cups)
- fish lack swim bladders
- find shelter
- thicker shells
- compact shape
- low profile
- go with the flow / flexible
7
Wave action cuts rocks into
sea caves, cliffs and sea
stacks that provide shelter.
Competition for these limited
living spaces is high.
Inhabitants must find a place to attach or hide or be crushed
between waves and rocks.
Methods of attachment include cement, byssal threads,
holdfasts, muscular and tube feet, and boring.
8
Adaptations also include symbiosis and reproductive strategies,
like hermaphrodites and organisms that change sex.
NOAA
The rocky coastal communities’ succession has a predictable
pattern that is often controlled by sea urchins. Grazing urchins
remove algae from rocks.
9
New communities can then begin because one group doesn’t over
populate the area.
Pioneer stage bacteria and algae
Juvenile - protozoa
and worms
Mature - barnacles,
rockweed,
mussels, seastars
and sea urchins
Collectively these animals became known as fouling
communities because of their harmful effects on ship’s hulls,
docks, pilings, and the smell they create at low tide.
10
THE BATTLE FOR SPACE
- AVAILIBILITY OF SPACE LIMITS
POPULATIONS IN INTERTIDAL
- COMPETITION FOR SPACE
DOMINANT BIOLOGICAL FACTOR
- HOW TO COMPETE
- be first to get to open space
- effective dispersal
- reproduce rapidly
- take over
- grow over
11
VERTICAL ZONATION
- UPPER, MIDDLE & LOWER
ZONES
- UPPER LIMIT SET BY PHYSICAL
FACTORS
- LOWER LIMIT SET BY BIOLOGICAL
FACTORS (predation & competition)
12