Transcript Men`s Health- Prostate and Colorectal Cancer

Men’s HealthProstate and
Colorectal Cancer
2010
Cancer Prevention
How to reduce cancer risk and prevent
cancers
• Health Education
• Individuals living health lifestyles
• Routine screening for early detection
• Involve the community to promote healthy
lifestyles
Healthy Lifestyles
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Maintain a healthy weight
Be physically active everyday
Don’t smoke
Eat healthy foods
Don’t Smoke
Healthy Lifestyles
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Protect yourself from the sun
• Protect yourself and your partner from
sexually transmitted diseases
Eat Healthy
Men’s Health
Cancer Screening
• Yearly exams over the age of 40
• PSA- Prostate Specific Antigen- blood test
• DRE- Digital Rectal Exam – provider
checks the prostate by feeling the gland
• FOBT- Fecal Occult Blood Test- 3 day
take home kit to check stool for blood
• Cholesterol or Lipid profile-blood test
Men’s Health
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Fasting Blood Sugar – blood test
EKG- Electrocardiogram to check heart
Vaccinations – update tetanus, influenza
STD- Sexually Transmitted Disease
Cancer Data
• Cancer is the second leading cause of
death for the Northern Plains American
Indians
• Cancer rates in American Indians are on
the increase
• Patterns of cancer differ in different
geographic locations
Leading Cancer Sites
Northern Plains American Indians
Men:
1. Prostate
2. Lung
3. Colon and Rectum
Leading Cancer Sites
Women:
1. Breast
2. Lung
3. Colon and Rectum
Cancer Survival
American Indians the lowest five year
survival rates of all the US population.
Cancer Survival
Why:
Late detection of cancer
Genetic risk factors
Other diseases such as diabetes
Lack of timely access to state of the art
diagnostic treatment
Cancer Survival
Barriers to care
• Poverty
• Transportation
• Cultural beliefs
Cancer Survival
Improve Survival by
• Healthy lifestyles
• Increasing participation in regular
screening and early detection
• Reducing barriers to care
What is Cancer?
Cancer refers to more than 100 different
diseases that begin in the cells which are
the body’s basic unit of life.
Tumors
• Benign or Malignant
Benign tumors are NOT cancerous – they
do not spread to other parts of the body
and are not a threat to life
Tumors
Malignant tumors are cancer
• The cells in these tumors grow without
control and can invade other parts of the
body
• When cancer cells spread this is called
metastasis
Cancer Types
Five Main Groups
• Carcinomas- 80 to 90 percent of all
cancers- they begin in the skin or tissues
that line the internal organs
• Sarcomas- start in the bones, fat, muscle,
joint, nerve, blood vessel or deep skin
tissues
Cancer Types
• Lymphomas- cancers that start in the
lymph nodes – the tissues of the body’s
immune system.
• Leukemias are cancers of the white blood
cells
• Myelomas are cancers that start in the
plasma cells found in the bone marrow
Cancer Prevention
Risk Factors
• Conditions that increase the chance that
cancer may occur
Risk Factors
Heredity
• Genes that are passed from parent to
child
Lifestyle
• Some cancers are related to how we live
Environment
• Some cancers are related to where we
work and live
Risk Factors
One third of all cancers diagnosed in 2001
were related to nutrition, physical activity
and other lifestyle changes.
About 30% of all cancers deaths were
related to commercial tobacco use
Risk factors
Northern Plains American Indians
• Tobacco use rates are double the rates of
the national average of 20.5%
Screening
• Checking for cancer in a person who
does not have any symptoms
• A symptom is a sign that is not right in the
body and does not always indicate cancer
• Someone with cancer may not have any
symptoms
Men’s Health Days
Early Detection
The goal of early detection is
• Discover and stop a cancerous growth
before it grows and spreads
• Be aware of your body
Cancer Screening and
Early Detection
See your provider if you have:
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Unexplained weight loss
Fever
Fatigue
Pain
Cancer Screening and
Early Detection
See your provider if you have the
following:
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• A sore that doesn’t heal
• Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer Screening and
Early Detection
• Recent changes in wart or mole
• Thickening lump or swelling in the breast
or any other part of the body
• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Screening Tests
The following are screening tests for
common types of cancers:
• Colon- FOBT- Fecal Occult Blood Test
Colonoscopy, Flexible sigmoidoscopy
• Prostate- PSA- Prostate Specific Antigen
DRE- Digital Rectal Exam
• Informed Decision Making
Screening Tests
• Breast- Mammogram and clinical breast
examination
• Cervix- pap smear
Colon Cancer
Screening Guidelines
Men and Women over the age of 50 should
have one or a combination of :
• FOBT- yearly
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
• Colonoscopy every 10 years
The colon
Normal Colon
Colon Cancer
FOBT
FOBT is a test that detects invisible blood in
the stool.
A 3 day take home kit is given
Follow the instructions of preparation and
collection – there may be certain foods
that you can’t eat before collection.
FOBT
Men and Women should do this test yearly.
Kits are given at both the Men’s Health days
and Women’s Way days
If you see your provider other than the
health days– ask them about this test.
Flexible
Sigmoidoscopy
This test is done with a lighted tube by a
trained provider
This flexible tube looks at the inside of part
of your rectum and colon – the lower part
of your colon
Biopsies or pieces of tissue can be done if
the provider feels necessary
Colonoscopy
This is a long flexible lighted tube that looks
at your entire colon.
This is done by a trained provider and takes
about 30 minutes to 2 hours
If polyps are found they can be removed
Colonoscopy
This procedure is done with a sedative
There is a preparation that needs to be
done the day prior to clean out the colon
This should be done every 10 years
Prostate Cancer
Screening
PSA- Prostate Specific Antigen
PSA is a blood test that checks for a protein
that can be produced by the prostate
gland
Prostate Cancer
Screening
It is normal for men to have a small amount
of PSA but when it is a large amount is
may be a sign of cancer or another
problem
Discuss options of screeening with your
provider
Prostate
Prostate Cancer
Screening
An important part of the prostate cancer
screening is the DRE- Digital Rectal
Examination
The provider feels the prostate with a finger
through the rectum to check for lumps and
abnormalities of the prostate
DRE
Barriers to cancer
screening
Barriers include:
• Transportation issues
• Complicated health systems
• Fear of cancer
• Lack of knowledge
• Modesty
• Communication issues
In Summary
You now have an understanding of
• Facts that contribute to poor survival for
American Indians
• Factors that are likely to improve cancer
survival for American Indians
In Summary
You have an understanding of
• The meaning of the word cancer
• The difference between benign and
malignant
• The different types of cancer
In Summary
You now have the understanding of
• Cancer risk factors
• How to reduce risks associated with
cancer
• The importance of cancer screening
In Summary
• The different screening tests that are
recommended
• Barriers to cancer screening
Questions????