Transcript 07_Solar_System

Solar System
Sun, Planets, Minor Planets,
Asteroids, Comets, Meteors and
Lots of Space
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap080206.html
But first…
• What you do affect the
people around you, and
some students want to
participate in this class
– If you want to talk, please
leave the room. Do not
stand in a doorway.
– If you want to text your
friends, please leave the
room.
• Please be considerate of
the other students in the
class.
– If you want to listen to
music, please do so
somewhere else. You may
be using headphones, but
we still can hear.
– If you want to use your
computer for anything other
than note taking, please go
somewhere else.
Visible From Earth
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Sun
Moon
5 Planets
Stars
Satellites and ISS
Constellations
3 Galaxies
December 4, 1997
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/Early-Bird-Special.jpg
Galaxies
• Large Magellanic
Cloud
• Small Magellanic
Cloud
• Andromeda Galaxy
(found in the
Constellation
Andromda
http://domeofthesky.com/clicks/images/and.gif
Andromeda Galaxy
2.2 million light years away
~13,200,000,000,000,000,000 miles
13 quintillion miles
http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/andeep.jpg
Polaris
• Within 1º of our polar
north
• Not always the “north
star”
http://www.astropix.com/HTML/C_SPRING/URSAS.HTM
http://www.allthesky.com/various/umaumi.html
http://www.allthesky.com/various/umaumi.html
Procession
• Wobble like a top
• Completes the wobble
every ~26,000 years
• Other “north stars,
Thuban in Draco and
Vega in Lyra
• However, they are no
where near 1º of our
polar north
http://stardate.org/images/gallery/d_procession.jpg
Constellations
• Star patterns in sky
• Acts like state lines in
a road map
• Stars appear to be on a
dome – cannot judge
distance
http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Fields/8616/circumpolar.html
Zodiac Constellations
• The plane of our solar
system lies in these
constellations
• The plane of our
Galaxy is different
• Right now, for
example, Saturn can
be found in the
constellation Leo
http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/IU/ISTAT/astross/activities/sky_coord2.gif
Sun
• Medium yellow star
• ~10 billion life span
• Primarily hydrogen
with some helium
• Converts ~8 tons of
matter per second to
energy
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap030223.html
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap051005.html
Planets
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap060828.html
April’s Planetary Show
• Jupiter rises in the east
about 1 hour before the
sun
• Saturn just after sunset in
Leo’s lower left
• Mercury upper left just
after the sun sets
• Mars in Cancer, high in
the southern skies
• Venus – the brightest – is
high in the south west sky
after sunset
Mercury
• Only seen just after
sunset or just before
sunrise
• Smallest planet
• Most heavily cratered
body
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap080319.html
Venus
• Earth’s Twin (about
the same size
• Hottest planet
(runaway greenhouse
gases) average 480ºC
(850ºF)
• Sulfuric clouds
• Pressure ~ 100 feet
under water
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap060110.html
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap050903.html
Mars
• About ¼ the size of
Earth
• Not enough gravity to
maintain a thicker
atmosphere
• Average temperature
is -61ºC (-81ºF)
– Earth’s average is 15ºC
(59ºF)
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/usgsmars.gif
Jupiter
• Largest planet (1300
Earths would fit
inside!!!
• 2.5x the gravity than
on Earth
• Jupiter radiates more
energy into space than
it receives from the
Sun
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0212/jupiterIo_cassini_full.jpg
Jupiter’s Galilean Moons
Developed by Barbara J. Shaw
http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00343
Jupiter’s Galilean Moons
http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/astro1/slideshows/class41/010-jupiter-galilean-moons.jpg
Size in Relationship to Jupiter
http://www.carinasoft.com/voyager4/info/images/ThreeMoonsOnJupiter.jpg
Size Compared to Earth
http://homepages.wmich.edu/%7Ekorista/ss-images/solarsys_compsizes.jpg
Night 1
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Night 2
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Night 3
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Night 4
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Night 5
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Night 6
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Night 7
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Night 8
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Night 9
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Now you predict
Night 10
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Night 10
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Can you place each moon in orbit around Jupiter?
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http://www.ox.ac.uk/images/maincolumn/257_Jupiter_from_Cassini.jpg
Answer
Callisto
Ganymead
Europa
-2
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Io
+2
Saturn
• Galileo described
Saturn with ears
• Although all the gas
giants have rings, only
the Saturn rings are
visible (but VERY thin
~30 feet!)
• Density of Saturn is so
light, it would float in
water
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap070407.html
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/image-details.cfm?imageID=1398
Uranus and Neptune
http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/entire_collection/pr2006047b/
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0406/nep2002_hst1pan_full.jpg
Asteroid Belt
• Between Mars and
Jupiter
• Estimated 376,537
asteroids
• 1/1000th of the mass
of the Earth
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap040619.html
Kuiper Belt
• Beyond the orbit of
Neptune (~30 to
55AU)
• Pluto/Charon and Eras
are the largest bodies
known in this region
• 20-200 times more
mass than Asteroid
Belt
1.
2.
3.
↑ The MPC Orbit (MPCORB) Database.
↑ Carl D. Murray and Stanley F. Dermott (1999). Solar System Dynamics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 0 521 57295.9
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png#filelinks
Oort Cloud
• Outer reaches of our
solar system from
Kuiper Belt to
~50,000AU!
• Billions of comets
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~conor/ay250/pluto.html
Moon
• Most familiar object in
the sky
• Even preschoolers
recognize pictures of
the moon
• However, students
struggle to explain the
phases
http://www.afreshhorizon.co.uk/moon_phases.htm
Stopped by a cop
• He said, “Do you
know how fast you are
going?”
• I replied, “That, sir, is
relative…”
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0007/startrails_aat.jpg
How Fast?
• I was driving 55 miles
per hour, but…
http://www.zenconsulting.net/jasonkehr/images/T1000.jpg
How Fast?
• The Earth, at the
equator, rotating on
it’s axis
– 1,040 miles per hour
– In Portland, roughly
520 mile per hour
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0703/bluemarble_apollo17_big.jpg
How Fast?
• The Earth revolving
around the sun
– 67,000 miles per hour
http://www.ecology.com/archived-links/earths-orbit/index_files/earthorbit.gif
How Fast?
• The Sun revolving
around the Milky Way
Galaxy
– 486,000 miles per hour
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap011004.html
How Fast?
• The Milky Way
Galaxy moving with
the local cluster
towards the
constellation Hydra
– 1,340,000 miles per
hour
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap020123.html
How Fast?
• So, Officer, it is all
relative, and 55 is
insignificant!
– I still got the ticket
http://www.rps.psu.edu/probing/graphics/light.jpg
Questions?
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/etacarinae_hst.gif