Transcript Cell Division and Cancer

CELL DIVISION AND
CANCER
Unit 7 - Mitosis
Mitosis

All cells in your body divide
 In
children and teens, cells divide to assist in growth
 In adults, cells divide to replace old cells

Your cells are really good at knowing when they
should and shouldn’t divide
Cell Regulators
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Inside and on the outside of your cells, you have
“regulators” that control cell division.
These regulators act as body guards for the cell,
making sure that everything goes according to plan
Internal Cell Regulators


These are proteins that respond to events inside the
cell.
Example
 Make
sure mitosis doesn’t happen until chromosomes
are replicated
External Cell Regulators
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
Proteins that respond to events that happen outside
the cell
Examples
 Speed
up or slow down cell division
 Proteins on neighbor cells can tell the cells around them
to stop growing or to slow down so that they don’t
impede other tissue or cells.
What is Cancer?
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Cancer is a disorder in which some of the body’s
own cells lose their ability to regulate cell growth.
Cancerous cells do not respond to the signals from
other cells that tell them to stop or slow down their
growth.
When the cells do not stop dividing, a tumor is
formed.
Benign and Malignant Tumors
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Benign Tumors

Non-cancerous tumors
Cysts
 Keloids

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Malignant Tumors
 Cancerous
 Here,
tumors
bad cells (those that cannot stop dividing) break off
into your blood or lymph systems and travel to other parts
of the body. There, they infect the cells around them,
causing mass division of cancer cells.
Invasion and Metastasis
Fact

According to the American Cancer Society, in 2012
there have already been 65, 750 new cases of
cancer reported.
4 Basic Types of Cancer
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Carcinoma

Cancer that begins in the
skin or tissues that cover
internal organs

Example: melanoma
which is a type of skin
cancer.
4 Basic Types of Cancer
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Sarcoma

Cancer that begins in the
bones, cartilage, fat,
muscles, blood vessels, or
other
connective/supportive
tissue

Example: osteosarcoma
which is cancer in the
bones
4 Basic Types of Cancer
Normal WBC

Leukemia

Cancer that starts in
blood-forming tissue such
as the bone marrow and
causes large numbers of
abnormal blood cells to be
produced and enter the
blood.

Example – Acute Myeloid
Leukemia is a cancer that
begins in the white blood
cells
Leukemic WBC
4 Basic Types of Cancer
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Lymphoma/Myeloma

Cancer that begins in
cells associated with the
immune system

Example: Non-Hodgkin's
Lymphoma is a cancer
that starts in the
lymphocytes (cells of
your immune system).
Some Causes of Cancer
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Exposure to carcinogens
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Asbestos
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Formaldehyde


lung cancer
leukemia's, lymphomas, etc.
Exposure to UV rays
Tanning
 Can cause skin cancer



Melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Causes of Cancer

Smoking cigarettes
Contain many carcinogenic chemicals
 Can cause a variety of cancer

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
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Lung cancer (most common)
Throat cancer
Oral cancer
Other tobacco products

Chewing tobacco

Oral cancer
Other Causes of Cancer
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Heredity
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Breast cancer
Kidney Cancer
Viruses

HIV
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HPV

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Kaposi Sarcoma
cervical cancer
Hepatitis B

liver cancer
How do we detect cancer?
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MRI
Endoscopy
X-ray
Biopsy
Ultra sound
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Liver cancers
Ovarian cancers
Mammogram
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Breast cancer
For women 40 y/o and
older
How can we treat cancer?
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Chemotherapy
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Drugs given to target
rapidly growing cells
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Radiation treatment

Applying concentrated
amount of energy to
cancer cells to damage
their DNA

Often times a
combination of
treatments can be used
Not only kills cancer cells
but any rapidly growing
cells like hair follicle cells
Surgery

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Remove the tumor and
surrounding tissue
Vaccines

Preventative
 To
prevent the
emergence of cancer
in healthy people
 Examples
 HBV

Hepatitis B which can
cause liver cancer
 Gardasil

Cervical cancer
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Therapeutic/Treatment
 Used
to treat cancer