Transcript Heredity - Science with Mrs. Peppers

Types of cancer
Key facts
WHO Cancer factsheet
- Cancers figure among the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012.
- Lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and breast cancers cause the most cancer deaths each year.
- The most frequent types of cancer differ between men and women.
- About 30% of cancer deaths are due to the five leading behavioral and dietary risks: high body mass index, low fruit and vegetable
intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol use.
- Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for cancer causing over 20% of global cancer deaths and about 70% of global lung cancer
deaths.
- Cancer causing viral infections such as HBV/HCV and HPV are responsible for up to 20% of cancer deaths in low- and middle-income
countries.
- More than 60% of world’s total new annual cases occur in Africa, Asia and Central and South America. These regions account for 70% of
the world’s cancer deaths.
- It is expected that annual cancer cases will rise from 14 million in 2012 to 22 within the next two decades.
Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumours and
neoplasms. One defining feature of cancer is the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries, and which can
then invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. This process is referred to as metastasis. Metastases are the major
cause of death from cancer.
The problem
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012 (1). The main types of cancer are:
lung (1.59 million deaths)
liver (745 000 deaths)
stomach (723 000 deaths)
colorectal (694 000 deaths)
breast (521 000 deaths)
oesophageal cancer (400 000 deaths) .
L. Peppers, adapted T. Hurst
Types of cancer
L. Peppers, adapted T. Hurst
Compare and contrast global and US
cancers. Hypothesize why you think
there are differences.
What are the four most frequent cancers for
your gender? Which 4 cancers are the most
deadly?
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Differences exist in cancer rates between
genders as well as geographic regions
(countries as well as ethnicities). What are
some reasons these differences might
exist?
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A significant portion of cancers are due to lifestyle choices. Do you think states or countries should
charge “cancer taxes” to discourage behavioral and dietary cancer risks?
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L. Peppers, adapted T. Hurst
Focus Question: I
The bulb shown has a volume of 150
cm3 and contains a mass of 0.16 g of
argon. If neon were used in place of
argon, what mass of neon would be
contained in the bulb ? ____________
How do you know?
The .081 g of Ne has the same number of
moles, occupying the same amount of
space as 0.16 g of Ar.
(.16 g Ar) (1 mole/34.4 g) = .004 moles
What happens to the gas particles
inside the bulb when it is turned on?
Explain your answer in terms of the
kinetic molecular theory.
When the filament is turned on, it begins to
produce heat energy. This heat is
transferred to the gas inside the bulb,
causing the gas molecules to move more.
This addition of kinetic energy causes the
gas molecules to put more pressure on the
glass bulb as the molecules are hitting the
bulb more often with more force.
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.004 moles Ne (20.2 g/1 mole) = .081 g
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T Hurst
Fall 2009