Transcript Tobacco power point

Surgeon General

In the early 1960's
research studies
showed the harmful
effects of smoking.

"Cigarette
smoking is
causally related
to lung cancer
in men; the
magnitude of the
effects of
cigarette
smoking
outweighs all
other factors."

Cigarette companies were the largest advertisers on TV
and radio until Congress banned their ads in 1971.

The companies got around the ban by financing sporting
events on TV.

They are also the biggest leaders in magazine and
newspaper ads. Usually on the back cover, or a place
that is highly visible.

Also, in 1971, Warnings became required on cigarette
packs

In 1998: California became the first state to ban smoking
in bars
Facts of Tobacco/Smoking

Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause
of death in the United States, causing more than
440,000 deaths each year, nearly 1 of every 5 deaths,
each year in the United States.

Resulting in an annual cost of more than $75 billion
in direct medical costs.

Nationally, smoking results in more than 5.6 million
years of potential life lost each year.

Approximately 80% of adult smokers started
smoking before the age of 18. Every day, nearly
4,000 young people under the age of 18 try their
first cigarette.
More facts

More deaths are caused each year by tobacco use than by all
deaths from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), illegal drug
use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders
combined.

Smoking causes about 90% of lung cancer deaths in men and
almost 80% of lung cancer deaths in women.

The risk of dying from lung cancer is more than 23 times higher
among men who smoke cigarettes, and about 13 times higher
among women who smoke cigarettes compared with never
smokers.

On average, smokers die 13 to 14 years earlier than nonsmokers.

*Most common cause of cancer deaths among American women*
Toxic Chemicals in Tobacco Products
 Cigarette
smoking is a major cause of
lung cancer, the leading cause of
cancer death in both men and women
in the United States.
 There


are over 4,000 chemicals in tobacco
Over 50 of them are carcinogenic (meaning
they cause cancer.)
Carcinogens – cancer causing substances
Other chemicals found in tobacco smoke and
common items they can be found in include:
acetone
(finger nail polish
remover)
toluene
(industrial solvent)
ammonia
(toilet cleaner)
arsenic
(poison)
butane
(lighter fluid)
cadmium
hexamine
(used in batteries) (barbecue lighter)
carbon
monoxide
(car exhaust)
stearic acid
(candle wax)
DDT/Dieldrin
(used to kill bugs)
ethanol
(alcohol)
hydrogen
cyanide (poison)
methane
(sewer gas)
methanol
(rocket fluid)
napthalene
(mothballs)
Nicotine

Nicotine – the psychoactive chemical in tobacco



Changes a person’s mood or behavior
It is very addictive
Nicotine poisoning
• Sickness you feel first couple time smoking


Lightheaded, nausea, cold clammy skin, and sometimes
vomiting
Withdrawal from Nicotine

Symptoms – irritability, headache, restlessness, and
anxiety
 Every
puff the nicotine travels to his
bloodstream and then to his brain, in only
7 seconds

Reason for the immediate effects
• Heart beats quicker, blood pressure increases,
more alert, and more energetic
 Effects

last only about 30 Minutes
Reason for the urge for another one
TAR
•
Tobacco smoke contains tiny pieces of
solid matter called TAR.
•
•
Enter the lungs condense and form a sticky
coating on bronchial tubes
If bronchial tubes are not working correctly
more likely to get serious respiratory
disease
TAR

Smoking one pack of
cigarettes per day for a
full year leaves one
quart of tar in your lungs

Just ONE cigarette
leaves a noticeable
amount of tar in the
lungs!
Carbon Monoxide
A
dangerous gas that is released as the
cigarette burns


Interferes with the blood’s ability to carry
oxygen
Reason for shortness of breath
Effects on the body

Brain

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Lungs

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
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Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure, constricts
blood vessels, can lead to a heart attack
Stomach and Intestines


Introduces cancer-causing agents directly to lung tissue. Impairs
the cilia from doing it’s job and clearing out harmful substances.
Increases chance lung cancer and emphysema
Cilia - tiny hairs that line the bronchial tubes
Heart


Smoking restricts oxygen flow and causes narrowing of the
blood vessels in the brain, can lead to a stroke
Lead to ulcers
Bladder

Lead to cancer of the bladder
Smoking and Disease
Smoking causes cancers of the bladder, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx
(voice box), esophagus, cervix, kidney, lung, pancreas, and
stomach, and causes acute myeloid leukemia.

Lung Cancer

Chemicals in cigarettes may cause changes in the cells genes

Malignant or deadly cells that attack and replace healthy cells

Chronic Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes in lungs and the production
of excessive mucus.

Chronic cough and breathing difficulties

Emphysema

Tiny air sacs in the lungs are ruptured or torn.
• Air sacs usually absorb oxygen coming in the body and help
push carbon dioxide out.
• Unable to serve their purpose causing shortness of breath
and breathing difficulties
• Last many years and is often fatal

Cardiovascular disease




Atherosclerosis –



Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure, and carbon
monoxide makes the circulatory system work very hard to deliver
oxygen to body’s cells
Overtime both chemicals put a great deal of strain on body’s
blood vessels and cause cardiovascular disease.
2–4 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than
nonsmokers.
Buildup of fat on the blood vessel walls
Increased chance that a blood vessel will be blocked or break
near heart, causing a heart attack
Stroke


Blood vessel breaks or becomes blocked near the brain
Smoking approximately doubles a person's risk for stroke.
Reasons Mothers Shouldn’t smoke
•
There is a greater risk of a miscarriage
•
The baby might be born early
•
Low birth weight or other serious health
problems
•
Greater risk the child will develop a respiratory
illness
Other effects from smoking

Mainstream smoke


Smoke that is inhaled directly into the mouth through
a cigarette, pipe, or cigar
Sidestream smoke





Smoke that rises form the cigarette during the time
the smoker is not inhaling
75% of smoke that comes from a cigarette
Person is inhales sidestream smoke is a passive
smoker
Contains twice as much tar and nicotine, three times
as much carbon monoxide as mainstream smoke
Increases chance of lung cancer and heart disease,
also aggravating allergies and respiratory infections.
Second-hand Smoke

Secondhand smoke exposure causes respiratory
symptoms in children and slows their lung growth.

Secondhand smoke contains at least 250 chemicals
known to be toxic, including more than 50 that can cause
cancer.

Secondhand smoke exposure causes heart disease and
lung cancer in nonsmoking adults.

3,000 lung cancer deaths every year in U.S. nonsmokers.

Heart disease deaths every year in the U.S. that are
non-smokers - 48,500
Other Tobacco Products
 Pipes,
Cigars, and smokeless tobacco are
sometimes thought to be a safe way to get
a fix

Pipes lead to cancer of tongue and lip
• Cancers of stomach and larynx more common
than with cigarette smokers
Smokeless tobacco

Smokeless tobacco contains 28 cancer-causing
agents (carcinogens)
 Chewing tobacco




Releases juices that contain nicotine and other
chemicals
Mix with saliva and get into the bloodstream
Cancer of the mouth, throat, tongue, cheek, and gums
Snuff


Ground up tobacco that is inhaled through the nose or
placed between cheek and gum.
Cancer of the mouth and throat
Who is using smokeless tobacco?

1 in 3 adolescents in the United
States is using tobacco by the
age of 18, and initial use was
highest before the age of
fourteen.

Out of this group, student
athletes were the main users of
both dip and snuff.

The sad part about these facts
are that in 1970, only 40 years
ago, young men between the
ages of 17-19 used spit tobacco
the least of any age group.
Who is using smokeless tobacco?

Today, ages 17-19
are the highest, with
over 1 million
adolescent boys
currently using
tobacco, according to
The Department of
Health and Human
Services.
Why are they using?

The initiation and
development of tobacco use
among children and
adolescents progresses in 5
stages:
 forming attitudes and beliefs
about tobacco
 trying,
 experimenting
 regularly using tobacco,
 being addicted.

This process generally takes
about three years.
Quitting Smoking
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Immediately:


After 20 minutes:

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No longer hurting yourself or others around you
with smoke.
Blood pressure drops down back to normal.
Pulse rate drops down back to normal.
Temperature in hands and feet increases and
returns to normal.
After 8 hours:

Carbon monoxide levels in blood return to
normal
Oxygen levels in blood increases and return to
normal.
Quitting Smoking
 After

Chance of heart attack decreases.
 After

48 hours:
Sense of smell and taste begins to
improve.
 After

24 hours:
2-12 weeks:
Circulation improves.
Breathing Improves.
Walking becomes easier.
Quitting Smoking

After 1-9 months:


After 1 year:


Coughing and sinus congestion decrease.
Shortness of breath decreases.
Energy Increases.
Lungs increase in ability to self clean and reduce
infection.
Risk of coronary (heart) disease is down.
After 5 years:


Risk of stroke is comparable to that of the
average non-smoker.
Lung cancer death rate becomes 1/2 the rate of a
smoker.
Quitting Smoking
 After

Life expectancy is now comparable to
that of the average non-smoker.
Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat,
esophagus, bladder, kidney, and
pancreas decrease significantly.
 After

10 years:
15 years:
Risk of heart disease is comparable to
that of a non-smoker.
How to quit

**Do not just hide your cigarettes or lighter**


Set a quitting date



When the urge comes you will just go and find them
Chose a time when you can avoid others who smoke
and you won’t be stressed by other factors (vacation)
Take up a sport or hobby to keep yourself occupied
and relieve tension (stress)
Decide which approach


“Cold turkey”, completely stop
Gradually cut back on frequency of smoking, until you
have completely quit

Prepare environment

Cold turkey
• Throw away all smoking materials (ashtrays, lighters,
cigarettes)

Gradual
• Only have the allotted number you are prepared to smoke
that day


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If you only want to smoke 4 cigarettes, then only keep 4 on you.
Throw the rest away
Get Help if needed

Let friends and family know about your plan
• Lean upon them for encouragement and support, especially
in moments of weakness

Join a support group