Transcript NRS 220 Alterations in Cellular Regulation

Section 1 Populations at Risk, Assessment
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Cell Cycle:
Mitosis- orderly well regulated growth
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Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Anaplasia
Primary tumor
Metastasis
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Cancer: Breast, Lung, Colon, Prostate, Skin
Anemia
Leukemia
Sickle Cell Disorder
Hodgkins
Lymphoma
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Health History- genetic predisposition
Carcinogens ex: Smoking
Diet
Self care behaviors
Age
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Heredity
Age
Gender
Poverty
Stress
Sun Exposure
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Diet
Occupation
Infection
Tobacco use
Alcohol use
Obesity
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External factors, including environmental
exposure, are responsible for about 80% of
cancer in North America ( ACS, 2007b)
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Incidence of Cancer varies among races
ACS data from 2007 show that African
Americans have a higher incidence of cancer
than white people and the death rate is
higher
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Among U.S. men, for all cancers combined—
The rate of new cancer cases is highest
among black men, followed by white,
Hispanic*, Asian/Pacific Islander, and
American Indian/Alaska Native men.
Death rates are highest among black men,
followed by white, Hispanic*, American
Indian/Alaska Native, and Asian/Pacific
Islander men
.
www.cdc.gov accessed 08April10
Among U.S. women, for all cancers combined—
The rate of new cancer cases is highest among
white women, followed by black, Hispanic*,
Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska
Native women.2
 Death rates are highest among black women,
followed by white, American Indian/Alaska Native,
Hispanic*, and Asian/Pacific Islander women.2
*Hispanic is not mutually exclusive from white, black,
Asian/Pacific Islander, or American Indian/Alaska
Native.
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Cancer will occur in about 1 of every 3 persons
currently living in North America ( ACS, 2008)
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Psychosocial components
Education of disease
Developmental assessment in children
Management of treatment side effects
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Body image disturbance
Fear of unknown
Financial
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Collaborative care:
what is the best method for education
who is going to receive the information?
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Pediatric patients: developmental
assessment
What stage is the child at?
Assessment of patients with alterations in
cellular metabolism will coincide with what
alterations are occurring in the patients basic
needs.
Ex: Managing distressing symptoms occurring
with therapy
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Grading system of Malignant tumors
Based on cellular aspects of the cancer
Gx-G4
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Classifies clinical aspects of the cancer
American Joint Committee on Cancer
developed the tumor, node, metastasis
(TNM) system
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American Joint Committee on Cancer
Stage I—tumor invades up to muscle layer
Stage II—tumor invades up to other organs or
perforates peritoneum
Stage III—any level of tumor invasion and up
to 4 regional lymph nodes
Stage IV—any level of tumor invasion; many
lymph nodes affected with distant metastasis