Transcript The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

The Cancer Killer
Yao Qiang
Renal Division, Renji Hospital,
SSMU
2005.5
Words in the short
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Treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy
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The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays,
neutrons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink
tumors .
Radiotherapy
Radiation may come from a machine outside the body (externalbeam radiation therapy), or it may come from radioactive material
placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy,
implant radiation, or brachytherapy). Systemic radiotherapy uses
a radioactive substance, such as a radiolabeled monoclonal
antibody, that circulates throughout the body. Also called
radiation therapy.
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Treatment using more than one anticancer drug.
Chemical combination (combination chemotherapy)
Words in the short
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Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow,
and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the
bloodstream.
Leukemia
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Abnormal cells that are confined to the ducts or lobules in the breast.
Breast cancer
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A malignant disease of the lymphatic system that is characterized by
painless enlargement of lymph nodes, the spleen, or other lymphatic
tissue. Other symptoms may include fever, weight loss, fatigue, or night
sweats. Also called Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Hodgkin disease
Thyroid cancer
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Skin cancer
Words in the short
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In medicine, an improvement related to treatment
Response 有反应
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The return of signs and symptoms of cancer after a period of improvement.
Relapse 复发
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A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer.
Remission 缓解
In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have
disappeared.
In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared,
although cancer still may be in the body.
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A cell from which other types of cells develop. Blood cells develop from bloodforming stem cells.
Stem cells 干细胞
Bone marrow transplantation 骨髓移植
Breakthrough 突破
Life threatening 威胁生命
Words in the short
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Cancer that does not respond to treatment.
Drug resistant 抗药物性
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Any change in the DNA of a cell.
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Mutation 突变
Mutations may be caused by mistakes during cell division, or they may
be caused by exposure to DNA-damaging agents in the environment.
Mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or have no effect. If they occur in
cells that make eggs or sperm, they can be inherited; if mutations occur
in other types of cells, they are not inherited. Certain mutations may lead
to cancer or other diseases.
A doctor who specializes in treating cancer.
Oncologist 肿瘤学家
Some oncologists specialize in a particular type of cancer treatment. For
example, a radiation oncologist specializes in treating cancer with
radiation
Donor
捐者
Interferon 干扰素
Interleukin 白介素
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The questions for the short
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What is the meaning of cancer killer?
Where was the word “cancer” from?
How many therapies to the cancer?
Vincent T DeVita, Jr,
MD
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Dr DeVita earned his BSc at the College of
William and Mary in 1957 and his MD degree at
George Washington University School of
Medicine in 1961.
Dr DeVita was instrumental in developing
combination chemotherapy programs such as the
four-drug combination known by the acronym
MOPP, which led to the effective regimen of
potentially curative chemotherapy for Hodgkin's
disease and diffuse large-cell lymphomas.
is the first appointee to the post of 'The Amy and
Joseph Perella Professor of Medicine' at Yale
University, in recognition of his outstanding
contributions to cancer research and treatment.
Dr DeVita and his colleagues played a major role
in developing similar treatments for other
lymphomas and for ovarian and breast cancers.
The Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center
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The Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research
Center is a world leader
in research to
understand, treat and
prevent cancer and
other life-threatening
diseases.
Who is Fred Hutchinson ?
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The Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center was founded by Dr.
William Hutchinson in honor of his
brother, Fred, a former major league
baseball player and manager, who
died of lung cancer at age 45. The
Hutch Award is presented annually to
a major league baseball player who
exemplifies the fighting spirit and
competitive desire of Fred Hutchinson.
Nobel laureates in the center
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Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine (1990)
Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine (2004)
Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine (2001)
Medical Breakthroughs and
Research Firsts
Transplantation
 Bone-marrow transplantation, which has provided a
cure to thousands of leukemia patients worldwide
and boosted survival rates from nearly zero to as
high as 80 percent.
 Mini-transplantation, a less toxic form of stem-cell
transplantation that offers lifesaving treatment to
older people and those unable to tolerate the rigors
of high-dose treatment regimens.
 Application of stem-cell transplantation to a variety
of cancers and genetic and immune disorders such
as multiple sclerosis, scleroderma and lymphoma.
Medical Breakthroughs and
Research Firsts
World-wide Impact
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Fred Hutchinson trains physicians from many countries in bone-marrow and
stem-cell transplantation, which makes these lifesaving therapies available to
tens of thousands of patients each year. More than 300 graduate and
postdoctoral students are also trained at the center each year.
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The center treats patients from all over the world. More than 8,000 bonemarrow and stem-cell transplants have been performed at Fred Hutchinson
and its treatment partnership, the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance.
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More than 1 million people worldwide have participated in public-health
studies led by Fred Hutchinson researchers. The center cancer prevention
research program is a model for other institutions around the globe.
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Fred Hutchinson is the coordinating site for many national and international
research studies, such as the Women Health Initiative, the most far-reaching
study ever devoted to women health, and the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, a
global effort to develop and test successful HIV vaccines.
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Center researchers took part in a study that found that a single dose of an
inexpensive drug can significantly reduce transmission of HIV from Ugandan
mothers to their infants.
Medical Breakthroughs and
Research Firsts
Targeted Cell Treatments
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The monoclonal antibody that led to Mylotarg: the first FDAapproved, antibody-targeted chemotherapy. The drug is a less
toxic and more effective form of cancer treatment than standard
chemotherapy.
 A technique, developed in collaboration with UW, to deliver
radiation directly to cancer cells using radiolabeled antibodies,
which spares healthy tissue.
 A new treatment for non-Hodgkins lymphoma based on antibodytargeted therapy, an approach now used to treat thousands of
people annually.
 A promising treatment for patients with deadly metastatic
melanoma, which uses an infusion of immune-system cells to
target the cancer.
Medical Breakthroughs and
Research Firsts
Improved Detection
 A method of monitoring cancer risk and onset in patients with the
precancerous condition Barrett esophagus. The technique has
boosted survival rates for esophageal cancer from 5 percent to
more than 80 percent.
 A protein marker in the blood, discovered with partners at the
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, that may allow for more
accurate early detection of ovarian cancer.
 A diagnostic test that indicates whether a woman with breast
cancer would benefit from aggressive chemotherapy. This
discovery saves patients from arduous treatments that would not
help them.
 A new diagnostic test for lupus梩he first screening breakthrough
for the disease in 50 years.
Medical Breakthroughs and
Research Firsts
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Prevention Studies
A gene that plays a role in prostate-cancer susceptibility in
young and middle-aged men.
Study results that indicate three daily servings of vegetables
such as broccoli and cabbage may lower a man抯 risk of
prostate cancer by nearly half.
Findings that at least five glasses of water a day may lower a
woman risk of colorectal cancer by more than 50 percent.
Research showing that regular aerobic activity 3-4 hours a week
may lower a woman risk of breast cancer by up to 40 percent.
Study findings that vitamin A supplements do not prevent lung
cancer in high-risk populations.