Transcript Module 5 PowerPoint Slides - The Cancer 101 Curriculum

Cancer 101: A Cancer Education
and Training Program for
American Indians & Alaska Natives
Version 2 – Updated October 2011
Date
Location
Presented by:
Presenter 1
Presenter 2
Cancer Screening and
Early Detection
Cancer 101 – Version 2
Learning Module 5
Learning Objectives
At the completion of Module 5, you will
be able to:
 Describe the importance of early
detection.
 Describe two screening methods used
in the detection of cancer.
 Describe two barriers associated with
practicing early detection.
 Describe three symptoms of cancer.
Why is early detection
important?


The goal of early detection is to
discover and stop a cancerous
tumor before it grows and spreads
(metastasizes).
A person’s chance for full recovery
is better if cancer is detected and
treated earlier.
What is cancer screening?
Checking for
cancer in a
person who
does not have
any symptoms
is called
screening.
Cancer Screening (cont’d)


Medical screening tests are effective
tools for the early detection of
cancer.
A few types of cancer have specific
tests that aid in detecting cancer.
Cancer Screening & Prevention
Screening tests for common types of
cancer:
 Breast – mammogram
 Cervix – Pap test
 Colon & rectum – fecal occult blood
test, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy,
digital rectal exam
 Prostate – digital rectal exam, PSA
test
Screening for Breast Cancer

Mammogram
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
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Screening
Diagnostic
Digital
Clinical breast exam
(CBE)
Breast self exam (BSE)
See your provider and
get a mammogram
every 1-2 years after
age 40.
Image Source: National Cancer Institute
Screening for Cervical Cancer

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
Papanicolaou (Pap
Test)
Pelvic Exam
Cervical cancer
screening should
begin 3 years after a
woman begins having
sexual intercourse,
but no later than age
21.
Women should have a
Pap test at least once
every 3 years
Image Source: National Cancer Institute
How should women prepare for
a Pap test?
Doctors suggest the following tips…
 For 48 hours before the test:

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

Do not douche
Do not have sexual intercourse
Do not use vaginal medicines (except
as directed by doctor), birth control
foams, jellies, or creams
Schedule your test 10-20 days after
the first day of your menstrual
period.
Screening for Colon
& Rectal Cancer

Fecal occult blood test
(FOBT)
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Guaiac FOBT
Fecal immunochemical
test (FIT)
Sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
Barium enema
Digital rectal exam
Images Source: National Cancer Institute
Images Source: National Cancer Institute
Virtual Colonoscopy

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Computed
tomographic (CT)
colonography
Less invasive,
less discomfort
Detects large
polyps
Evolving test,
still being studied
Virtual colonoscopy image of the inside of
a colon. The red colored area indicates a
polyp.
Image courtesy of Dr. R.M. Summers,
National Institutes of Health.
Case Study


Martha is 55 years old.
She just went in for a check-up, and her
doctor recommended that she schedule
appointments for:



A Pap test. Her last one was three years
ago. It was normal.
A mammogram. She had one two years
ago. It was normal.
A colonoscopy. She has not had any type of
colorectal screening since she turned 50.
Screening for Prostate Cancer
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Image Source: National Cancer Institute
Digital Rectal
Exam (DRE)
ProstateSpecific Antigen
(PSA) blood test
Cancer Screening &
Early Detection

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Awareness of body changes may
help detect early signs of cancer.
Examples of changes to note:


Breast tissue
Testicular tissue
Barriers to Cancer Screening &
Early Detection


There are many
barriers that may
affect one’s
decision to
participate in
cancer screening
and early
detection.
What barriers
might Martha face?
Barriers to Cancer Screening &
Early Detection (cont’d)

Examples of barriers include:
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Fear of cancer
Lack of knowledge
Modesty
Communication
Beliefs around illness
Are there others you can think of?
Possible Symptoms of Cancer


There are many different symptoms
known to be associated with certain
types of cancers.
A symptom is a sign that something
is not right in the body and does
NOT always indicate cancer.
Pay attention to your body if
there is…

A change in bowel or bladder habits

A sore that does not heal

Unusual bleeding or discharge

Thickening, lump, or swelling in the
breast or any other part of the body

Indigestion or difficulty swallowing

Recent change in wart or mole

Nagging cough or hoarseness
Pay attention to your body if
there are…

Unexplained symptoms such as:
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Progressive weight loss
Fever
Skin changes
Fatigue
Pain
In Summary
You now have an understanding of:
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The components of early detection
Importance of recognizing the
barriers to practicing early detection
The symptoms of cancer