Transcript 11 Preventing cancer

Preventing cancer
WHAT IS CANCER?
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Cancer is not a single disease but a group of over 100 different
diseases chracterized by abnormal cell growth and replication.
Normally,cell sgrow and are replaced in an orderly manner.
Enough new cells grow to replace the ones that are worn out
and iniured.
Cancer cells lack controls to stop the growth process and
continue to grow and multiply without restraint.
This loss of control of cell growth may be due to a variety of
factors. Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, tobacco smoke, viral
infections, diet, and chemicals in food and the environment all
have been implicated.
What are cancers?
Primary risk factors for cancer are:
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Tobacco use
Sun overexposure
Diet
Inactivity
Obesity
Statistic :
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30% of Cancer patients are
smokers, if you are a non smoker,
then risk of cancer will be reduced
by 30%
15% of Cancer patients are due to
hereditary, if your family line does
not have any cancer history, then
risk of cancer is further reduced by
15%.
Another 30% of Cancer patients
are due to poor dietary habits.
So it depends on you, you can
further reduce the risk of cancer by
another 30% by having good
dietary habit.
One third of EU citizens are smokers
Tobacco Use
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This includes cigarettes, pipes,cigarss, nuff,and chewing
tobacco.Tobacco contains many carcinogens that
increase the risk of developing several types of cancers
Frequent exposure to toxins ingested from tobacco
products weakens the immune system and decreaset
she body's ability to cleanse it self of precancerous
cells.
In addition, when a smoker is exposed to other
carcinogenst, here seems to be a synergistic effect that
multiplies cancer rates beyond what would be expected
from the effect of each carcinogen alone. (smoking
combined with the use of alcohol greatly increaset she
risk of cancer).
Tobacco Use
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lung cancer, variety of oral cancers,including
cancer of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat.
Spit tobacco, also known as smokeless tobacco
or chews nuffor dip, can cause cancer of the
mouth and throat after as little as 3 years of use.
Changes in the oral mucosa are found as soon as
7 days after using spit tobacco.
The good news is that cancers caused by
tobacco are 100 percent preventable
Perceived risk of smoking
Perceived cancer risk of smoking cigarettes
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Sun Overexposure
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Overexposure to the sun is the main cause of
skin cancer.
Diet
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About one-third of cancers can be prevented by a
healthful diet.
Certain foods seem to be relate to an increase or
decrease some kinds of cancers for instance, a high-fat
diet seems to play a role in the development of breast,
colon, and prostate cancers.
A multitude of studies show that by eating whole-grain
foods, fruits, and vegetables and by avoiding high-fat
red meat, bacon, and processed meats, we could
significantly reduce our overall cancer risk
By making positive choices in your daily diet and following
the guidelines listed here,you can promote good health now
and reduce your cancer risk in the future.
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Decrease fat intake, particukrfy from animal sources
Choose most of the foods you eat from plant sources
Eat craciferuos vegteables
Include foods rich in vitamins C and E,folic acid,and betacaroteinney in your diet each day
Consume charcoal-grilled salted and nitrite-cured, smoked
and pickled foods in moderation
Consurnе tree to four seraings of low-f at dairy products
and other calcium-rich foods daily
Include soy foods in your diet
Include good fats in your diet
Inactivity
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Experts speculate that exercise enhance severall health
and well-being and stimulates the immune system,
which may then scavenge abnormal cells more
effectively.
Having a strong immune system is a key factor in
preventing cancer because we are exposed to
carcinogens every day.
Researchers also speculate that exercised ecreases the
production of some reproductive hormones in both
men and women, decreasing the risk of cancers that
depend on these hormones to develop, such as breast
and prostate cancers.
Obesity
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Body size matters in cancer risk.Obese
individuals,particularly those who are obese and
sedentary increase their risk of all cancers.
Increased risk is due to a combination of
factors, including sedentary life style, greater
caloric intake, greater fat intake, and body fatmediated hormonal factors
Perceived risk of being overweight
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Top 10 Cancer Fighting foods
Secondary risk factors for cancer
home of which are controllable,
include:
Excessive alcohol consumption
 Exposure to home viral infections
 Exposure to radiation, workplace
hazards and certain chemicals
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Excessive alcohol consumption
increases the risk of several cancers.
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Esophageal and liver cancers occur more frequently
among heavy drinkers of alcohol, especially when the
drinking is accompanied by smoking cigarettes or
chewing tobacco.
Coupled with poor diet, alcohol increases the risk of
developing colon cancer because it interferes with folic
acid metabolism.
Studies have also shown an increased risk of breast
cancer in women who regularly consume more than
three alcoholic drinks per week.
Exposure to Some Viral Infections
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Some viral infections can initiate cellular damage that
leads to cancer. ( hepatitis B virus is linked to liver
cancer, human papilloma virus (HPV) is linked to
cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) is linked to Kaposi's sarcoma.
Risk of exposure to these infections can be reduced by
behavioral changes. (condom used during sex)
Perceived risk of viruses
Perceived cancer risk from infection with viruses or
bacteria
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Exposure to Radiation, Workplace
Hazards, and Certain Chemicals
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Avoid excessive exposure to ionizing radiation.
Ionizing radiation includes X rays, radon, and UV
radiation.
While most medical X rayse mit low-dose radiation, it is
still wise to use protective shields to cover body areas
not being X rayed.
There is also a potential problem of radioactive radon
gas in the home in certain areas of the country.
You can buy an inexpensive radon detector to test for
radon,which increases the risk for lung cancer,
especially in cigarettes mokers.
Top 10 Ways to Cut Risk of Cancer
Screening Guidelines for Early
Detection of Cancer
Breast Cancer
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Breaste cancer is the most common cancer in women,but it is more curable
than lung cancer and so it ranks as the second leading cancer killer
Having had breast cancer before.
Having a sister or mother who had breast cancer, especially if she had it
before menopause.
Increased breast density.
A long menstrual history (starting menstruation before age 12 and/or
experiencing menopause after age 50). This exposes the body to high
estrogen levels longer.
Obesity, especially after menopause (fat cells produce estrogen).
Never having a child or having the first child after age 30.
Consumption of one or more alcoholic drinks a day
Mammograms are the most important tool for detecting breast cance and a
woman should have one annually from the age of 40.
The breast self-exam which previously had been recommended once a
month, is still useful for those at high risk-a personal history of cancer or a
closer elative with breast cancer.
Colon ond Rectal Cancer
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A genetic tendency to develop noncancerous polyps in the colon,
combined with a diet high in animal fat and low in fruits and vegetables
may cause half, perhaps all colon cancers.
Risk factors for colon cancer include:
• Age. Over 90 percent of cases occur after age 50.
• Having a personal or family history of colon cancer, colon polyps, or
inflammatory bowel disease.
• Smoking.
• Alcohol consumption.
• Obesity.
• A high-fat, low-fiber diet and low consumption of plant foods.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
Preventive behaviors include not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight,
eating five to eight servings or more of fruits and vegetableds aily, consuming
little or no alcohol, and exercising 3 0 minutes or more most days of the
week. In addition, researchin dicates that low-dose aspirin may have an antiinflammatory effect.
Lung Cancer
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Lung cancer is a rare diseas except amongs mokers. Exposure to
side stream cigarettes moke ecreases the risk for nonsmokers.
Lung tissue damage and cellular changes that precede lung
cancer have been observed in 93 percent of active smokers but
in only 6 percent of exsmokers and 1 percent of nonsmokers.
If a smoker quits, these early precancerous cellular changes are
reversible, and the damaged bronchial lining often retums to
normal.
If the smoker continues, the abnormal cell growth may progress
to cancer.
Prostate Cancer
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This is the most common cancer( excluding skin
cancer) and the secondle ading cause of cancer deathsin
men
Factors that increase risk of prostate cancer in clude:
• Age over 50 (risk increases with age)
• High-fat diet
• African American (incidence is far higher than for
white men)
• Family history of prostate cancer
Skin Cancer
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Skin cancer accounts for
40 percent of cancers.
Sun overexposured uring
childhood and the teen
years accounts for over
three-fourths of your
lifetime exposure to the
sun's ultraviolet radiation
Risk Factors for Skin Cance
Testicular Cancer
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It is the most common cancer in young men between
the ages of 15 and 34
Lives could be saved if more testicular cancers were
detected and treated early.
Men discover most testicular cancers by leaming how to
examine their testicles. In doing this once a month, you
can greatly increase the chances of finding a testicular
cancere arly if it does occur. All young men should
learn and practice the monthly testicular self
examination.
About one third
of all cancers
can be prevented