Transcript 501Intro

Exam 1 Review:
50116Xm1Review.PPt
First Hourly Exam 100 Pts
Updated: February 15, 2016
501Intro
Clinical
Epidemio
DefClass
Models
Intro501: Introduction to Cancer Biology
and to the Course
(501Intro.ppt)
Banding
pattern of
normal
metaphase
human
chromosomes
Figure 1.11a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Fluorescent in
situ
hybridization
(FISH) of
normal
metaphase
human
chromosomes
using
chromosome
specific DNA
probes with
different
fluorescent
dyes
Figure 1.11b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Aneuploid
karyotype of
human breast
cancer cell.
Note
“scrambling” of
colors
demonstrating
chromosomal
reciprocal
translocations
Figure 1.11c The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Intrachromosonal
inversion by
M-band
fluorescent in
situ
hybridization(
mFISH)
Figure 1.11d The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Cytoskeleton:
Actin
microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate
filaments
Figure 1.14a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Intermediate
Filaments of
epithelial cell
(keratin) in
green
Plasma
membrane in
blue
Figure 1.14b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
3T3 Mouse
Fibroblast
attached to
fibronectin
extracellular
matrix by
integrin
receptors
Figure 1.14d The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Clinical Presentation of Cancers
(Clinical.ppt)
Figure 16.1b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Figure 16.1a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Introduction of PSA (prostate specific
antigen) test to screen for prostate cancer
Figure 16.45a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Incidence of Various Kinds of Cancers in Men and Women as a Function of Age
See Figure 11.1, Cancer incidence at various ages for men and women. p. 400. Weinberg.
Note maximum incidence per 100,000 population at about age 70, then drop off after that age.
Serious incidence begins around age 35 except for breast cancer which can have an earlier onset
depending on genetics.
Figure 16.45c The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Figure 11.8b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Figure 14.50a The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Figure 14.50b The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Epidemiology of Cancers
(Epidemio.ppt)
Incidence of Burkitt’s Lymphoma in Relation to Infectious Disease Etiology:
Aedes simpsoni mosquito transmission vector for malaria
and Epstein Barr Virus co-infection
Figure 4.12 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Cancer Incidence Following Migration
Figure 2.20 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
p. 45
CigBooze
Definitions of Classifications of Cancer
(DefClass.ppt)
Normal Secretory & Ciliated Epithelial Cells
Figure 16-19, ECB, 1998, p. 528
Ciliated Epithelium of
Human Respiratory Tract
RespCilia
Prpgression in Neoplastic Development:
Weinberg, Chapter 11 on Multistep Tumorigenesis. Figure 11.7
Figure 11.7 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Cancer Incidence 2002: 1,285,000. Cancer Deaths 555,000. 43% Death Rate
Cancer Incidence 2009: 1,479,000. Cancer Deaths 562,000. 38% Death Rate
Table 2.3 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
p. 33
Hematopoiesis
(formation of blood cells)
Fig 2-1, Kuby 4th Ed. p. 28
HematoAll
Pluripotent Stem Cell
and Lymphoid and
Myeloid Lineages
(Fig 2-1, Kuby 4th Ed. p. 28
StemCell
Myeloid Stem Cell
Lymphoid Lineage
Fig 2-1 Kuby 4th Ed
p. 28
Myeloid
Lineage
(Kuby, Fig 2-1,
4th Ed., p. 28)
Myeloid
Disease Progression in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
p. 293
Figure 8.32 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
Model Systems in the Study of Cancers
(Models.ppt)
What Models of Cancers Do We Actually Use in
Cancer Biology and Cancer Medicine?
Neoplastic and Normal Cell Lines in Culture
Transformed Normal Cells
Freshly-derived Cancer Cells
Genetically Engineered Cells
Engineered Tissues (3-Dimensional Cell Cultures)
Animal Models in Cancer Research and Cancer Medicine
(“Pre-Clinical Trials”)
Inbred Animal Models
Veterinary Animals
Animal-Human Engineered Hybrid Models
Clinical Cancer in Patients
Clinical Trials (Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III)
Dr. Steve Graziano: Lung Cancer Therapy
(Last week of class)
Comparisons of Two Primary
Cancers vs the Cancers
Propagated as Model Systems
Primary excised surgical tumor
pieces
Cancer Comparisons
Surgical specimens after 3 to 6
months growth sub-cutaneously in
SCID Mice
Prostate and colon cancer
cell lines propagated in vitro
and implanted
Figure 13.8 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007)
p. 539
Cancer Model Systems In Vitro
(in Cell, Tissue, or Organ Culture)
Normal Cells in Culture
• Transformed Cells
Chemically
Virally
By Irradiation
• Neoplastic Cells from Animal Tumors
• Neoplastic Cells Cultured from Human
Cancers
CxVitro
Animal Tumor Models in Vivo
Source of the Tumor Challenge Cells
• Implanted Cultured Neoplastic Cells
• Transplanted from Donor Animals
Early vs Later Transplant Generations
• Induced in the Tumor-bearing Host
Animals
Spontaneous (by Genetic Selection)
Chemical, Viral, Radiation Induction
• Excised fromVeterinaryAnimals
AnimlCx1
Clinical Human Cancers as "Model" Systems
Advantages:
• The Closest "Model" to the Ultimate Goals
...The Best Model for Human Cancer
• Patient Feed-back and Cooperation
Limitations
• Unmatched, genetically unique subjects
• Powerful ethical limitations
• Patient Independence and Failure to Comply
• Prior or Concomitant Treatment
Video on Clinical Trials in Patients
A note on Experimental Cancer Therapy and
National Health-Care Policy –
Keith Olbermann, MSNBC Countdown, February 9, 2010
Obesity in the United States and the Future of Disease Incidence, Including Cancer
Obesity and Medical Costs, ABSNEWS, Feb. 16, 2011
ObesityABC16Feb11.doc
http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/obesity-crisis-threatens-health-care-systemamericans-exercise-food-advice-tips-health-12935370
The Ugly Truth of Pediatric Cancer
A Five-minute musical mosaic of childhood cancer
Google the Title or
www.youtube.com/watch?v=7T3zQmBojAU
Dec 19, 2010 - Uploaded by KidsCancerChannel
This video shows the ugly side of pediatric cancer, and just a glimpse into
the ... Ava's Cancer Storyby ...
More videos for The Ugly Story of Pediatric Cancer »
Note: You may want to dispute the use of the word “Ugly” by those who
compiled this montage of children with cancer. There is crushing
sadness and heartache, but much of beauty shared by the children, their
parents, and their brothers and sisters.
TPF Feb. 9, 2013
Week Two: The Story of Kelley Mitchell and Ewings Sarcoma
Cancer Treatment | PBS NewsHour | Jan.
1, 2001 | PBS
Jan 1, 2001 ... ELIZABETH BRACKETT: Last
year, Kelley Mitchell lost her battle
against cancer. But before the 16-year-old
died, she agreed to try a highly ...
www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health/jan-ju
ne01/cancer_01-01.html
Last Presentation: The Story of Taylor Black and Neuroblastoma
(“Daydreams and Diaries” - UntreedReads.com
OnLine Story of Taylor Black by Tim Black)