Transcript Cancer gene

Lecture 9
Malignant tumor and Nutrition
The maximum Japanese cause of one's death terminal
cancer is feared because of incurable and acute pain
Generation
Growing years
Growing
About 10-20 years
Proliferation
About 1-5 years
Size of
Cancer cell
Early
Progress
Inspection by PET-CT
Normal inspection
Annual transition of Japanese
leading causes of death
Ratio that occupies it to all deaths (%)
Others
Pneumonia
Cerebrovascular disease
Heart
Disease
Tuberculosis
Cancer
Unexpected accident
Decrepitude
Affection of the liver
Three million cancer patients and 300,000 cancer death people
Death order of malignant tumor by sex
Number of deaths
for 100,000 men
Men
Number of examples of liver by sex cancer syndrome
age
Men
Women
Lung, Stomach, Liver, Large intestines, Gullet
Number of deaths
for 100,000 women
Women
Age of cancer
Death by
infectious disease
(unit : Number of 100)
Stomach, Large intestines, Lung, Liver, Breast
The middle and advanced aged
human is attacked by Cancer
Benign tumor and malignant tumor
Growing
Bounary
Metastasis
Benign tumor
slow
Clear
（Expansiveness）
none
Malignant tumor
fast
Not clear
（Wettability）
there
Cell
Differentiation
Whole body
nourishment
No influence
Trouble strong
cachexia
Surface
Movability
Smoothness
lot
A little change
Irregularity
few
Activation
Disappearance
Cancer gene
Tumor
suppressor
gene
Flawlessness
Aberrant type
(Irregularity)
Yasuo KAGAWA. “Nourishment
biochemistry” KAGAWA Nutrition
publishing, 1970, p.276
Healthy cells are regular.
The cancer cell is disorderly
Cervix part of womb healthy cell
Cancer cell that seems not to be bad
(Breast cancer)
Cervix part of womb cancer cell
Good cell that seems to be bad
(Mammary gland syndrome)
It is thought that cancer (It is malignant tumorous
accurately) happens for the wound to adhere to
the gene, and to lose the control of the division
with a normal cell. "Carcinogenic gene" that
causes cancer is being discovered about 200
kinds now, controls the cell proliferation, and
about 20 kinds are known as for "Tumor
suppressor gene" that perceives abnormality and
restores the abnormality. These genes pile the
mutation, and it appears as a sickness that man is
made to die. It is thought that it takes time of
15?30 year by the time it counts backward from
the speed of the cancer-cell multiplication, one
cancer cell is generated, and the human is
defeated
Cancer happens because of the change (mutation) in the
gene of a normal soma. This is called an initiation
The occurrence of cancer and abnormality of gene
Nucleus
Cell
Base sequence
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Abnormality
Cancer cell
Passage of carcinogenesis:
The long tract of years hangs until getting cancer visible
from the mutation of a gene
Appearance of
symptom
Precancerous change
to a morbid state
Healthy Cell
Impossible
to discover
Cancer Cell
Possible
to discover
Early Stage Cancer
Clinical period
Progress Cancer
Initiation → Promotion → Progrestion
Oncogene and tumor suppressor gene
Cell
Cancer gene
(accelerator)
Control gene
(Brake)
Make to cancer
Making to cancer happens because of both the oncogene and
the tumor suppressor gene mutations
There are an initiator (thing to cause the initiation)
and promoter (thing to cause promotion) in the
cancer field material in food
The material (mutation field material) that
causes the gene abnormality is called and the
material that proliferates "Initiator" and a good
cancer cell is called "Promoter".
"Initiator" includes radiation and ultraviolet rays,
virus, and fish's scorch scorching etc.
The female hormone and bile acid, high salinity,
cigarette, artificial sweetener, agricultural
chemicals (DDT･BHC), and PCB, etc. are
known to "Promoter".
Metastasis of cancer and proliferation with
newborn blood vessel
Proliferation of cancer with newborn blood vessel
Blood vessel
Metastasis
blockading
with the bead
Newborn
Blood vessel
Anticancer agent
Proliferation is started
at a dash
It reaches the cancer cell,
and nourishment and oxygen
are replenished
Starting a newborn
Blood vessel
The material that urges
a newborn blood vessel
is discharged
Cancer cell
Progression
The main tumor marker of cancer
according to internal organs
Nerve, retinoblastoma
Malignant Lymphoma
Soluble
receptor
Gullet
Thyroid gland
Lung
Sifla
Adenocarcinoma, Large cell
calcitonin
thyroglobulin
Breast
squamous cell
Sifra
Small cell
Bile duct, Gallbladder
Liver
antigen
AFP=α Fetoprotein
Pancreas
Stomach
Colon, Rectum
antigen
antigen
Womb
Kidney
Ferritin
Villus
Ovary
Bladder, Urinary duct
Osteosarcoma
Testicle
Prostate gland
Amino protein
Internal serection
Various hormones
antigen
Necessity of oxygen, DNA mutation caused by
active oxygen and aging promotion
Nucleur
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Manganese
Telomere “Coupon ticket”
Mitochondria
Zinc
Copper
Of division
Mutation
Restoration
Resolution
Active
oxygen
Chromosome
Mitochondria
Active energy
Promotion of
telomere reduction
Division promotion by
excessive nourishment
and mutation caused by
active oxygen
the generation of an active oxygen and a free radical and balance of defense
antioxidant
Active
Oxygen
Injury is generated.
Oxidation stress
Various diseases are caused
Aging, Carcinogenesis,
Arteriosclerosis, Diabetic,
Nephritis, Cataract,
Fat hepatitis etc
Active
Oxygen
antioxidant
Injury doesn't occur even if an active
oxygen and a free radical have been
generated
The defense response is caused
Adaptive
response etc
In cancer, meal and the cigarette are often causes
Cause of cancer
Alcohol
Food additive
Medicine
Industrial products
Smoking
Infection
Unknown
Sex act
Pollution
Radiation
Occupation environment
Meal
Ultraviolet rays
Lung cancer, Larynx cancer,
Esophagus cancer
Presumption value
of the best
Stomach Cancer, Large intestine cancer,
Breast cancer
Medicine,
Medical
Industrial
Products
Food additive
Environmental
Pollution
Geological features
and physical factor
Alcohol
Occupation
Sex life
(Birth. etc)
Infection
Smoking
Food
Factor of stomach cancer ： foods（WCRF,1997)
Level of
evidence
High risk factor
Certainly
Probably
Control factor
Vegetables
Fruits
Salt
Freezing and
refrigeration
preservations
Vitamin C
Possibility
Irrelevance
Starch
Broiled meat and fish
Insufficiency Preservation meats
such as smoked food
and dryness
Nitrosoamine
Carotine
Allium compound
All grain cereals
Green tea
Fiber
Selenium
Garlic
Alcohol
Coffee
Tea
Nitrate
Sugar
Vitamin E
Retinol
Relation to cancer related to drinking custom a
and drinking mortality rate
Times
Non-smoker
Smoker
No alcohol sometimes 180ml 2days 180ml everyday
360ml everyday
720ml everyday
Internal organs
was excised
surgically
greatly in the
past and it
prevented a
recurrence.
However, it
human treats
by radiotherapy
that keeps
qualify of life
(QOL).
Ionizing
radiation
Ionizing
Sec.
Radical formation
Sec.
Natural radioactivity 1mSv/year
Chemical reaction
Sec.
Molecule Secondary Direct action
Especially, the HO radical etc. can be done with the water molecu
ereclron
Biomolecular resolution and constructing
A general person during year is 1mSv.
a bridge such as DNA, etc
The medic assumes 100mSv or less for five years
Stochastic effect
Nonstochastic Various following
Inheritance, carcinogenesis, and aging
effect
changes
The X-ray check is avoided until
Sperm
2 weeks and 15 weeks of the
Lymphocyte
Lymphocyte and a sperm decrease (The number of
pregnancy before
red blood corpuscles doesn't decrease at once
Sweat gland
the menstruation
hair
because it has a long life)
Ion
It is necessary to nurse strong
Anorexia and other symptoms in
a large amount of irradiation
Skin
Transfusion with marrow
1.5L which the HLA antigen
is near. A normal blood
corpuscle is made from the
stem cell 1-3 months after
Marrow
(blood formation)
Because the infection resistance power
decreases, it puts in an aseptic sickroom, Cancer organization
and the antibiotic and the antibody are used
It appears by 5Sv1 1Sv several-time times
Erythema and depilation
(The hands and feet's irradiation is not fatal)
It irradiates it to cancer 20 times for two months 3Sv
The ratio of amount of the focus gland/amount o
the skin gland is raised by the multi gate irradiation
Death of bone narrow
Lethal dose of whole body
(Infection death in several weeks)
The cell of leukemia is irradiated by the
twice the lethal dose and the bone
marrow transplantation killing afterwards
Death of digestive tube
(Several days after, Diarrhea)
Digestive tube
The organ of importance such
as gonads protects only cutting
while irradiating it
Death of Lung
A day after
Death of central nerve
more Several seconds-several minutes
Early detection and treatment
by new and powerful machines
Helical CT
Lung
cancer
of one
centimeter
in diameter
Bad change in food group intake （１９９５→２００２）
20
Amount of
increase and
decrease
（％）
10
A decrease in
necessary food intake
for cancer prevention
0
-10
-20
Brightly
colored
vegetables
Beans Seafood Potato
Healthy Japan 21,”Tentative nearest results value in healthy Japan 21 to target value (2005)”, Available from
<http://ml-www.kenkounippon21.gr.jp/kenkounippon21/ugoki/houkoku/pdf/0410mokuhyou_zanteiti.pdf>, (accessed 200711-4)
Japan-U.S. comparison of consumption of vegetable a person
The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries 「Food supply and
demand figures」
a year)
1985
1990
Japan
US
1995
2000
Transition of death rate by cancer
per 100,000 people
Japan
Morbidity rate
Death rate
US NCI
Death rate
The Ministry of Health,
Labour and Welfare
per 100,000 people
per 100,000 people
US
Let’s eat vegetable and fruit everyday!
LIFE
Accomplishment
rate 250%
in the cancer
field of healthy
people 2000.
(green)
A vegetable intake
decrease of Japan.
Colon
Cervical
Breast
Lung
The cigarette of
Japan is 270 yen
a box.
Is Europe and
America 700-900
yen a box
All
The idea of the adult
smoking reducing
by half was deleted
in healthy Japan 21.
男
女
の
口
States腔
癌cancer
Big success in the United
prevention (green pillar)
野菜/果物目標達成
Vegetable and grain
intake increase
To prevent Cancer : 12 Point
(The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare)
It makes to the table with
various foods, and
nourishment where be able
the balance is taken.
It will be conventional.
Eating habits with the
change are done every day
The delicious one is made a proper quantity.
The overeating is avoided, and fat is done
with unassuming modesty
Alcohol healthily
enjoys the proper
quantity
No smoking is borne in
mind. Especially, a new
smoking habit is stopped
Enough brightly colored vegetables are
taken. A lot of vitamin of proper quantity
and fibered things are taken from food
It eats the salty one few,
and after it cools it, it eats
the too hot one. Treat the
stomach and the gullet
kindly
A burned part is avoided.
The mutation is caused
The one that mold grew is noted.
It checks it without fail before it eats
It doesn't get some sun too much.
The sun is a little harmful
Let's throw a good sweat.
and exercise moderately
Health mind!
The body to cleanness
Yasuo KAGAWA. “Easy nourishment study”
KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 2006, p.139