Transcript Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer
9th Grade
What Do You Know About Skin
Cancer?
1) By the time the average person is 18, he or
she has received approximately what
percentage of their lifetime sun exposure?
A) 100%
B) 80%
C) 50%
D) 25%
Answer: B) 80%
What Do You Know About Skin
Cancer?
2) One American _________every hour.
A) dies from melanoma
B) completes a self-skin check
C) is diagnosed with melanoma
D) discovers an atypical mole
Answer: A) dies from melanoma
What Do You Know About Skin
Cancer?
3) Three or more blistering sunburns under the
age of 20 increase an individual’s lifetime chance
of developing melanoma by a factor of:
A) 1.5
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: E) 5
What Do You Know About Skin
Cancer?
4) Use of tanning beds 10 times or more per
year under age 30 increases an individual’s
lifetime chance of developing melanoma by a
factor of:
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 10
Answer: D) 8
What Do You Know About Skin
Cancer?
5) The primary characteristic of a melanoma
that determines whether it is most likely to be
curable or fatal is:
A) Diameter
B) Colour
C) Thickness
D) Shape
Answer: C) Thickness
Skin Cancer Facts
• Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in
the U.S. and accounts for approximately 50% of all
cancers.
• The incidence of skin cancer is greater than breast,
lung, prostate, colon, and kidney cancers added
together.
• One in five Americans will develop skin cancer in
their lifetime.
• About one million people are diagnosed with skin
cancer every year in the U.S.
• One American dies every hour from skin cancer.
Types of Skin Cancer
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Basal cell carcinoma is
the most frequently
diagnosed skin cancer
(2.8 million every year
in U.S.).
• This skin cancer occurs
in heavily sun-exposed
areas of the skin.
• This type of skin cancer
usually appears on the
face, neck, ears, lips,
and nose.
• Basal cell carcinoma
rarely results in death,
but it can spread and
cause more serious
health problems.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Basal cell carcinomas typically occur as light pink
or flesh-colored bumps with pearly or waxy
appearances.
• They grow slowly and are almost never fatal but,
if neglected, they can grow to the point where
disfiguring surgery is necessary to remove them.
• Although common in all areas of the country, it is
especially prevalent in southern states.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most
common skin cancer (700,000 cases every
year in U.S.).
• It is more aggressive than basal and can
spread to other parts of the body and may
result in death (approximately 2,500/year).
• Squamous cell carcinoma also tends to occur
in the most heavily sun-exposed areas of the
skin.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinomas often start as flat
red or brown splotches which become rough,
dry, and scaly.
• If not treated, they may eventually grow large
enough to spread to nearby internal organs
and be fatal.
• It occurs in all areas of the country, but is
more prevalent in southern states.
Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Approximately 1
million cases of basal
and squamous cell
carcinomas are
diagnosed each year
in the U.S.
Good news:
With early detection
and treatment, basal
and squamous cell
carcinomas have a
cure rate of more
than 95%.
Melanoma
• Malignant melanoma is the most deadly of
the three types of cancer.
• Melanoma accounts for less than 5% of the
skin cancer cases.
• It causes more than 75% of the skin cancer
deaths.
• Melanoma causes about 8,790 deaths each
year in the U.S.
Source: CDC http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/
http://www.skincancer.org/
Melanoma
• Melanoma cases are
increasing faster than any
other cancer.
• Melanoma is the most
common cancer among
25-29 year-olds and
second for 15-29 yearolds.
• Vulnerability to
melanoma begins at age
12, much earlier than
other skin cancers.
• If not removed early,
while thin, melanoma
often grows rapidly,
spreads to distant
internal organs, and is
fatal.
• It is equally likely to
occur in all areas of the
country.
Source: CDC http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/
http://www.skincancer.org/
Ordinary Moles
ORDINARY MOLES have
all of these features:
• Round or oval shape
• Sharp, even borders with
skin
• Uniform color (usually
brown)
• Less than 1/4 inch wide
• Cauliflower or smooth
surface
• Even dome shape if mole
is raised
http://www.skincheck.org/
Atypical Melanoma Moles
ATYPICAL MOLES often have
one or more of these features:
• Irregular shape
• Uneven and/or fuzzy borders
with skin
• Two or more shades of brown
or pink
• 1/4 inch wide or more
• Cauliflower or smooth
surface
• Flat edges with "fried egg"
center if mole is raised
http://www.skincheck.org/
A mole or other growth that has any of
the ABCD properties:
A = Asymmetry
Radial melanomas are often
unsymmetrical; an
imaginary line through the
middle does not produce
matching halves
B = Border
The borders of radial
melanomas may be uneven,
fuzzy, or have notched or
scalloped edges.
C = Color
Radial melanomas often
begin to show color changes
in areas, with shades of
black, brown, tan, and
sometimes other colors.
D = Diameter
Unlike normal or atypical
moles, radial melanomas
often grow larger than the
width of a pencil eraser.
Risk Factors for Skin Cancer
• Fair skin
• Light hair color
• Family history of skin
cancer
• Blistering sunburn
before the age of 20
• Atypical moles
• Indoor tanning
• Large number of
normal moles
Controllable Risk Factors
Risk Factor
Intermittent exposure of normally covered skin to strong
sunlight
Risk Percentage
High
One blistering sunburn under the age of 20
2 times as likely
Three or more blistering sunburns under the age of 20
5 times as likely
One tanning bed session under the age of 30
Almost 2 times as likely
Ten or more tanning bed sessions in one year under the age
of 30
Almost 8 times as likely
Warning Signs of Melanoma
Any change in a mole, blemish, freckle, birthmark, or
pigmented area
A new mole or freckle that appears or is growing rapidly,
especially if you don't have many moles, or the new mole or
freckle looks different from those you do have
Warning Signs of Melanoma
A change in surface texture or in the way a mole feels to the
touch
A new "freckle" that is dark, dry, or scaly
A pigmented area or splotch that is new or that you don't
remember seeing before
Warning Signs of Melanoma
A new spot that is black, even if very small
A mole or other spot that looks or behaves differently than
those around it, even if it seems otherwise normal
A mole or other spot that itches and/or bleeds
Redness, other color, or shadow extending into the
surrounding skin
Does where we live matter?
Figures, rounded to the nearest ten, are from
American Cancer Society Cancer Facts & Figures 2011.
UV Index
Ultraviolet Rays (UV) –
The ozone layer shields
the earth from harmful
UV radiation. Ozone
depletion, weather and
the seasons cause
different amounts of UV
radiation to reach the
earth.
**Note: Slide must be in display mode
for websites to be active.**
UV Index – Click here for
an explanation of UV
Index.
UV Index for your town –
Use this link to see the
current UV index in
your town.
Sun Smart
1)
2)
3)
List 3 possible warning signs of melanoma.
List the melanoma risk factors.
List 5 ways to reduce your chances of skin
cancer.