on Colorectal Cancer
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Transcript on Colorectal Cancer
Yo u r Co u
n ty
Cru sa d e
A g a in s t
Ca n c e r
COLORECTAL CANCER
Let’s Get
Talk
(colorectal cancer)
It can be “embarrassing” to talk about colorectal
cancer
DON’T DIE FROM EMBARRASSMENT
Colorectal Cancer CAN Be Prevented
So,
Le ts Get Ta l kin g . . .
Colorectal Cancer Overview
Where & What is the Colon?
What is Colon Cancer?
Why the Concern?
Who’s at Risk?
What Can be Done?
– Prevention
– Screening
– Treatment
Where to Get More Information
Where is the Colon ?
What does it do?
As part of the digestive system the colon:
– Stores mainly non-absorbed food, fiber
and water
– Re-absorbs nearly all the water
– Moves solid waste to the rectum where
it is eliminated by defecation
What is cancer?
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and
spread of abnormal cells.
It includes 100’s of different diseases,
usually classed by the part of the body
where it is first found.
How does colorectal cancer
develop?
Most colorectal cancers begin as polyps,
or tiny abnormal growths on the inside
walls of the colon or rectum.
Polyps vary in size, from tiny to a few
centimeters.
Some polyps become cancerous after
several years and should be removed to
prevent development of colorectal cancer.
X-Ray of Colon and Polyps
Why the Concern?
4th leading cause of cancer-related
death in world
2nd leading in US
– Why a difference between world and US ?
– Stay tuned
2nd leading in Missouri
2nd leading in YOUR County
Who Is At Risk of Developing
Colorectal Cancer?
Men AND Women are at similar risk
Risk increases with age
– 90% occurs in people aged 50 +
85% of people with colorectal cancer
had NO medical history related to
colorectal cancer.
What are Risks for Developing
Colorectal Cancer?
Poor Diet
– high amount of fats
– high amount of red meat
– high temperature cooking of red meats
– low amount of vegetables
– high alcohol consumption
– low water consumption
What are Risks for Developing
Colorectal Cancer?
Physical inactivity
Why the Difference Between
World and U.S. Rates?
Colorectal Cancer has been Called a
“Cancer of Economically
Developed Countries”
– Diet is different
– Physical activity is different
Ways to Reduce Your Risk
Regular moderate
exercise
Healthy diet
Proper weight
Avoid smoking
Limit alcohol use
GET REGULAR
SCREENING
Ways to Reduce Your Risk
Healthy Diet
“Five-A-Day” is 5 servings of fruits &
vegetables / day
This can reduce your risk for a number of
diseases, including some types of cancer,
such as colorectal cancer
Ways to Reduce Your Risk
Physical activity recommendations:
– For 30 minutes (can be three
10 -minute segments)
– At least 5 times per week
– At the pace of brisk walking
Other possible risk reducers
Aspirin
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories
Calcium
Vitamin D
Screening is KEY !
American Cancer Society estimates for
the impact of colorectal cancer in 1999:
– 129,400 cases diagnosed in the U.S.
– 56,000 deaths in the U.S.
– 1,300 deaths in Missouri
At least 1/3 of deaths could be reduced
with widespread adoption of screening.
Don’t wait...
Colorectal cancer can develop with few
or no symptoms at first.
Screening can lead to reductions in the
number of deaths:
– FOBT: 33%
– Flexible sigmoidoscopy: 70%
– Colonoscopy: 80%
How does screening save lives?
Prevention
– By finding polyps in the colon and
removing them before they become
cancerous
Early detection
– Finding cancer early when treatment
works best
Who should be screened for
colorectal cancer?
EVERYONE aged 50 and older:
– Women and men
– All races and ethnicities
May be younger than 50 for those with a
family history of colorectal cancer or
colorectal polyps (talk to your doctor!)
Why don’t some people
get screened?
Don’t think they are at risk for colorectal
cancer
Embarrassed to ask their doctor
Think it will hurt
Don’t realize that screening is covered by
their insurance plans, including Medicare
The screening tests
Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
Double Contrast Barium Enema
Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
Looks for hidden (occult) blood in the
stools
Stool sample is collected at home
Test preparation will likely include
dietary and medicinal restrictions
(check test kit instructions)
Example of One Type of FOBT
Positive test results may be due to:
Colorectal cancer or polyps.
Failure to follow pre-test dietary and medicinal
restrictions.
Other bowel disorders which could cause
bleeding (though not always a lower GI source):
– colitis - diverticulitis - hemorrhoids, among others
Follow-up is IMPORTANT- your physician will
usually recommend a full colon exam using
colonoscopy or barium enema.
Fecal Occult Blood Test
Annual screening can lead to 33%
reduction in deaths
Annual FOBT test is worth the effort !!!
Flexible sigmoidoscopy
Uses a flexible lighted tube to
examine the inside of the lower
part of the colon (sigmoid).
The slender tube allows
for discovery of polyps.
Polyps can be removed
during sigmoidoscopy
or by a follow-up
colonoscopy.
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Regular screening can lead to 70%
reduction in deaths
Regular Flexible Sigmoidoscopy is
worth the effort !!!
Colonoscopy
Uses a flexible lighted
tube to examine the inside
of the entire colon
The slender tube
allows for removal
of polyps and
tissue for biopsy
Colonoscopy
Regular screening can lead to 80%
reduction in death
Regular Colonoscopy is
worth the effort !!!
Double Contrast Barium Enema
Radio-opaque liquid
with barium put into
colon
Barium coats lining of
colon and rectum
Allows organs and
any signs of disease
to show more clearly
on x-rays
Double Contrast Barium Enema
Regular screening can lead to 80%
reduction in deaths
Regular Barium Enema is
worth the effort !!!
American Cancer Society
recommendations for screening
For adults aged 50+ with no family history
of colon cancer or polyps:
– Annual FOBT
PLUS
– Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
- - OR - – Total colonic exam
• Colonoscopy every 10 years; or
• Double-contrast barium enema every 5-10
years
Treatment
More than 90% of people whose
colorectal cancer is treated early survive
at least 5 years after their diagnosis
Only 8% of people who are diagnosed
in later stages survive past 5 years
THIS IS WHY SCREENING
IS SO IMPORTANT !!!
Remember…
Lifestyle risk reducers:
Healthy food choices
Maintain a healthy weight
Physical activity
Avoid smoking
Plus screening tests...
FOBT and
***
Colonoscopy or
Sigmoidoscopy
***
Double contrast barium enema
Combine to save lives!
Where Can You Get Screening?
Talk to your health care professional
Where Can You Get More Info?
American Cancer Society
33 East Broadway, Suite 100
Columbia MO 65203
573-443-1496
800-429-7753
[email protected]
www.cancer.org
Toll-free National Phone 1-800/ACS-2345
Where Can You Get More Info?
Missouri Department of Health & Senior Services
Bureau of Cancer Control
P.O. Box 570
920 Wildwood
Jefferson City MO 65102
ph 573/522-2841
fax 573/522-2899
e-mail [email protected]
Presented in Cooperation of
Your County Community Council
of the American Cancer Society
Missouri Department of Health
.
& Senior Services
Bureau of Cancer Control
Special thanks to the
U.S. Centers for Disease
Control & Prevention