Transcript List Styles - Computer Science, Stony Brook University

CSE 102
Introduction to Web Design
and Programming
XHTML: Lists & Hyperlinks
w3schools references
• http://www.w3schools.com
• Tryit Editor:
http://www.w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename
=tryhtml_basic
Lists
• Block-level elements:
– Unordered list (bulleted): <ul>
– Ordered list (numbered): <ol>
• Both <ul> & <ol> have list items, <li>, for each element in
a list
– Definition list: <dl>
• Each term is specified by a definition term element, <dt>
• Each definition is specified by a definition description
element, <dd>
• Lists are formed according to hierarchical nesting
• All list tags require opening & closing tags with
proper nesting
How would you get the following list?
•
•
•
East
Central
West
<ul>
<li>East</li>
<li>Central</li>
<li>West</li>
</ul>
How would you get the following list?
1. Yankees
2. Red Sox
3. Orioles
<ol>
<li>Yankees</li>
<li>Red Sox</li>
<li>Orioles</li>
</ol>
How would you get the following list?
•
East
1. Yankees
2. Red Sox
3. Orioles
• Central
• West
<ul>
<li>East
<ol>
<li>Yankees</li>
<li>Red Sox</li>
<li>Orioles</li>
</ol></li>
<li>Central</li>
<li>West</li>
</ul>
How would you get the following list?
•
•
Monday
– Read
• pgs 50 -100
• pgs 170 – 200
– Review
• Pgs 600-640
• Pgs 680-700
Tuesday
<ul>
<li>Monday
<ul>
<li>Read
<ul>
<li>pgs 50 -100</li>
<li>pgs 170 – 200</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Review
<ul>
<li>pgs 600-650</li>
<li>pgs 680-700</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li>Tuesday</li>
</ul>
List Style Types
• Specify using style attribute with list-style-type property.
• Possible values:
• circle, disc, square, none, custom image, decimal, lowerroman, upper-roman, lower-alpha, upper-alpha
• Ex:
<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman">
<li>Alabama</li>
<li>Alaska</li>
<li>Arizona</li>
<li>Arkansas</li>
</ol>
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
More List Styles
• list-style-image: url(imageURL)
• list-style-position
– outside or inside
<ol style="list-styleimage:url(http://www.leseptiemeart.com/cinema/
pictos/bullit.gif)">
Alabama
<li>Alabama</li>
<li>Alaska</li>
Alaska
<li>Arizona</li>
Arizona
<li>Arkansas</li>
Arkansas
</ol>
How would you get the following
Definition List?
<dl>
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets
<dt style="font-style:italic">HTML</dt>
<dd>Hypertext Markup Language</dd>
<dt style="font-style:italic">HTTP</dt>
<dd>Hypertext Transfer Protocol</dd>
<dt style="font-style:italic">CSS</dt>
<dd>Cascading Style Sheets</dd>
</dl>
Hyperlinks
• Inline element, must have 2 tags
• <a href=… specify clickable links to other Web or local
documents
• Can be attached to text or images
• Can also be attached to a portion of an image
– Image map
• Can be tied to any portion of text:
<p>Hello, my name is <a
href="http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/people/faculty/AhmadE
smaili.html">Ahmad Esmaili</a>. Won't you be my
friend?</p>
• Hello, my name is Ahmad Esmaili. Won't you be my
friend?
• URLs can be to local or remote resources
Local Hyperlinks
• Use relative reference rather than absolute reference
– Relative to where the document with the link is
– ../ means in the directory above the current file
– ./ means in the same directory as the current file
<p><a href="./lectures/HTMLBasics.ppt">
HTMLBasics.ppt
</a></p>
Relative
Reference
Absolute
Reference
<p><a href="http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~cse102/lectures/HTMLBasics.ppt">
HTMLBasics.ppt
</a></p>
• Relative reference is preferred. You should use it when
possible. Why? When is it not possible?
Ids & Anchors
• You may link to a location inside a document
– id attribute can be used to identify a specific element
– #id then specifies where the browser should scroll to
– Can be used effectively for long Web pages
• Have links on top to places in the document (FAQ pages)
• Ex from inside same document (named doc.html):
<p><a href="#middle">Go to middle</a></p>
…
<p id="middle">Some paragraph</p>
• Ex from another document:
<p><a href="doc.html#middle">Go to middle</a></p>
Opening New Browser Windows
•
When one clicks on a hyperlink, there are 2 options:
1.
2.
Open the page in the current browser window
Open the page in a new browser window
–
–
•
For this, use the target attribute
target specifies a named window
Ex:
<p><a href="http://www.nytimes.com" target="win1">The New
York Times</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.newsday.com"
target="win2">Newsday</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.latimes.com" target="win1">The LA
Times</a></p>
Site Organization
• Web site – an organized group of Web pages working
together
• To build a Web site on your computer:
– Organize the pages into a hierarchy of files & directories
• Avoid nonalphanumeric characters in file & directory names
– Place index.html (site home page) in the root directory
– Use images/ subdirectory to store Web page images
• There are other standard directory names for products, services, etc …
– Avoid making a site that is too deep or too shallow
• What are the pros & cons of deep & shallow sites?
– Design a navigation system that is clear & easy to use
• Keep it standard on all your site’s pages
– Use relative reference for all internal links
– Upload the entire site to any server
Linking to Services
• Email links, use:
<a href="mailto:email-address
?SUBJECT=line&BODY=body
&to=email-address&cc=email-address">
E Link</a>
• Ex:
<a href="mailto:[email protected]
?SUBJECT=hw1&BODY=I want an A
&[email protected]&[email protected]">
Ahmad Esmaili</a>
Linking to Services (continued)
• Download links, use:
<a href="ftp:host:port/path-to-file">
FTP Link</a>
• If port is not given, standard FTP port 21 is
assumed
• Ex:
<p><a href="ftp://monkey.cs.kent.edu/package.zip">
<code>package.zip</code></a> (35439 bytes)</p>
Display Style for Hyperlinks
• Done with Style Sheets (we’ll see later)
• Custom colors for
–
–
–
–
Unvisited links
Visited links
Active links
Hover links