Transcript Negative Effects of Using Adhd medicatios non

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF USING ADHD
MEDICATIONS NON-MEDICALLY
Numero Dos
Grace Holland, Pete Mikaele, Chase Chilson
English 1102-051
19 March 2014
CONSEQUENCES OF USE
Its illegal without prescription from doctor
Side effects of Adderall - more addictive
 Weight loss, insomnia, irritability, increased muscle
tension, anxiety, increased heart rate, increased blood
pressure, Headaches, jitters, and stomach problems.
Side effects of Vyvanse - less addictive
 Discomfort, erectile dysfunction, dizziness, restlessness,
nausea, dry mouth, anxiety, diarrhea, vomiting, headache,
insomnia, weight loss, irritability, euphoria, upper
abdominal pain, rapid heartbeat.
PRESSURE ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES
Students want to keep up with others on the
prescription pills
Grades, students want to be able to maintain and
earn good grades
Students want to be able to spend many hours
working
FEELINGS
Students want to have the upper hand
They feel like they have to take the pills
ISSUES
Students become dependent on the medications
They do not feel the same without taking it
ABUSE
Students begin to develop other problems
They start to try speed, cocaine, and other drugs
Alcohol abuse can also go along with the abuse of
these medications
STATISTICS AND SURVEYS
In 2004 a government survey found that methylphenidate,
the main drug in ADHD medications, had a connection to
1,541 drug-related emergency visits.
In 2005 the same survey found that the number of
emergency visits had risen to 3,212.
In February of 2007, the Food and Drug Administration
required the manufacturers of ADHD medications to make
known to patients the dangerous risks and side effects that
are associated with these types of medications
SIDE EFFECTS OF ADHD MEDICATIONS
 Suicidal or homicidal thoughts or actions
 Seizures
 Hypertension: Abnormally high blood pressure
 Hypotension: Abnormally low blood pressure
 Tachycardia: Rapid heart beat
 Palpitations: Irregular heart beat
 Dsyrhythmia: Abnormal rhythm of the heart or brain
 These health risks are increased when the medication is taken non-
medically or when combined with alcohol or other types of drugs.
TABLE 1. FREQUENCIES AND BRANDS OF
MPH USED NONMEDICALLY
Used Methylphenidate Non-Medically
N=110
Within past 30 Days
15 (13%)
Within past 12 months but not past 30 days
27 (24%)
More than 12 months ago
68 (62%)
Frequency of use in
preceding 12
months
N = 110
Brand-name product
used most often
N = 110
Only once
35 (32%)
Ritalin
59 (54%)
2-10 times
49 (45%)
Concerta
15 (14%)
11-50 times
20 (18%)
Metadate
0
51-100 times
1 (1%)
MPH HCL (generic)
1 (1%)
More than 100 times
1 (1%)
Don’t know
38 (35%)
Not sure/Declined to
answer
4 (4%)
Declined to answer
2 (2%)
RESULTS OF TABLE 1
Out of 110 students surveyed
 Most, 62%, used ADHD medications non-medically over 12
months prior to participating in the survey
Out of the students who used in the preceding 12 months:
 Most, 45%, used between 2 and 10 times
Ritalin was the brand that most, 54%, of the students used.
TABLE 2. PROPORTIONS OF LIFETIME ILLICIT
DRUG USE BY MISUSERS AND NON-MISUSERS
OF PRESCRIPTION STIMULANT MEDICATION
N = 42
Illicit Drug
Misusers Reported
Using
Non-Misusers
Reported Using
Nicotine
94.7%
47.8%
Alcohol
100.0%
91.3%
Marijuana
100.0%
73.9%
Cocaine
47.4%
13.0%
Amphetamine
5.3%
4.3%
Hallucinogens
57.9%
21.7%
Opiates
26.3%
0.0%
Inhalants
10.5%
0.0%
RESULTS OF TABLE 2
Out of 42 students surveyed
 Alcohol and Marijuana were the two most used illicit drugs between
both misusers (100% and 100%) and non-misusers (91.3% and 73.9%).
Misusers were the only ones that reported using Opiates
(26.3%) and Inhalants (10.5%).
Nicotine was the third most used drug between both
groups of students.
 94.7% for misusers and 47.8% for non-misusers
Amphetamines were the least used drug
 0% for both groups
 Non-misusers had 0% for opiates and inhalants as well.
WORKS CITED
 “Adderall Abuse Growing Among College Students | NYCATS.” NYCATS. N.p.,
n.d.Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
 “Adderall Abuse: Unhealthy, Unfair, or Ineffective?” Themaneater.com N.p., n.d.
Web.18 Mar. 2014.
 "Adderall: College Students' Best Friend-- Or Worst Enemy??" Serendip
Studio. N.p., n.d.Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
 "CQC Raises Concerns About Students' 'Smart' Drug
Abuse." TherapyToday.net. Sep 2013: 6. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
WORKS CITED (CONTINUED)
 DeSantis, Alan D., Elizabeth M. Webb, and Seth M. Noar. "Illicit Use Of
Prescription ADHD Medications On A College Campus: A
Multimethodological Approach." Journal Of American College Health
57.3 (2008): 315-324. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
 Dupont, Robert L., MD, John J. Coleman, PhD, Richard H. Bucher, PhD, and Bonnie
B. Wilford, MS. "Characteristics and Motives of College Students Who
Engage in
Nonmedical Use of Methylphenidate." American Journal on Addictions 17.3
(2008):
167-71. Print. 19 Feb. 2014.
 Jardin, Bianca, MA, Alison Looby, Ma, and Mitch Earleywine, PhD.
"Characteristics of College Students With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder Symptoms Who Misuse Their Medications." Journal of American
College Health 59.5 (2011): 373-77. Print. 19 Feb. 2014.
WORKS CITED (CONTINUED)
 J, By Elaine. "Adderall: Uses, Abuses & Side Effects." LiveScience.
TechMedia Network, 06 Nov. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.
 J.Hom, By Elaine. "Adderall: Uses, Abuses & Side Effects." LiveScience.
TechMedia Network, 6 Nov. 2013. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.
 “MedlinePlus- Health Information from the National Library of
Medicine.” U.S. National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of
Medicine, n.d.Web. 16 Mar. 2014.
 “Most Abused Prescription Drugs In the US.” Drugsdb.com. N.p., n.d.
Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
 “Southern California Drug and Alcohol Rehab | Executive Treatment
Center | Chapters.” Southern California Drug and Alcohol Rehab
Executive Treatment Center Chapters. N.p., n.d.Web. 18 Mar. 2014.