Transcript Chapter7 - WordPress.com

Chapter
Web Publishing Issues
Introduction
Web Publishing
• Web publishing, or "online publishing," is the process of publishing content on
the Internet.
• It includes creating and uploading websites, updating WebPages, and posting
blogs online. The published content may include text, images, videos, and other
types of media.
• In order to publish content on the web, you need three things:
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web development software.
an Internet connection.
a web server.
Web Publishing
Web development software.
• Notepad
• Dreamweaver
• Artisteer
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Internet connection.
Wireless
• Radio frequency bands are used in place of telephone or cable networks. One of
the greatest advantages of wireless Internet connections is the “always-on”
connection that can be accessed from any location that falls within network
coverage. Wireless connections are made possible through the use of a modem,
which picks up Internet signals and sends them to other devices.
Dial-Up
• Dial-up connections require users to link their phone line to a computer in order
to access the Internet. This particular type of connection—also referred to as
analog—does not permit users to make or receive phone calls through their
home phone service while using the Internet.
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Internet connection.
Broadband
• This high-speed Internet connection is provided through either cable or
telephone companies. One of the fastest options available, broadband Internet
uses multiple data channels to send large quantities of information. The term
broadband is shorthand for broad bandwidth. Broadband Internet connections
such as DSL and cable are considered high-bandwidth connections.
• DSL, which stands for Digital Subscriber Line, uses existing 2-wire copper
telephone line connected to one’s home so service is delivered at the same time
as landline telephone service. Customers can still place calls while surfing the
Internet.
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Web Server
• Web servers are computers that deliver (serves up) Web pages.
• Every Web server has an IP address and possibly a domain name.
For example, if you enter the URL http://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.html in
your browser, this sends a request to the Web server whose domain name is
pcwebopedia.com. The server then fetches the page named index.html and
sends it to your browser.
Technical Issues
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DIY or employ a designer
Hosting
Site Design, building and maintenance
Design Considerations
Understand the medium
Simplicity
Graphic Embellishments
Consistency/predictability
Flexibility
File optimization
File Backup
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DIY or employ a designer
• Decide to create own web site or hired expert?
• Simple or complex web site?
• What hardware and software requirement you need?
• Limitation of your skills.
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Hosting
• It is a web server where your website's files will live.
• There are certain you need to understand before subscribing a hosting package
which are:
FREE VERSUS PAID HOSTING
HTML ONLY
HTML and CMS SCRIPTING
SMALL BANDWIDTH QUOTA
LARGE BANDWIDTH QUOTA
HAVE ADVERTISIGN
NO ADVERTISIGN
NO EMAIL PLAN
HAVE EMAIL PLAN
LIMITED SUPPORT ACCESS
WIDE SUPPORT ACCESS
SMALL STORING SIZE
LARGE STORING SIZE
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Site Design, building and maintenance
• Two main options for publishing a web page are flat HTML or a CMS.
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Design Considerations
• Sites don't work like books. Most movement comes by means of web indexes,
implying that clients can sidestep your landing page. That makes site
configuration and route essential.
• Key ideas to remember when planning your site are
a. Straightforwardness
b. Consistency
c. Appropriate
d. Ease of use.
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Understand the medium
• Readers experience web pages in two ways: by reading pages online or by
downloading information into text files and perhaps printing it out.
• Keep documents likely to be read online short.
• Carefully tune the graphics to the bandwidth available to your audience.
• Documents likely to be printed and read off-line should appear on one page,
which should be narrow enough to print easily on standard-size paper.
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Simplicity
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Keep design elements to a minimum.
Minimize clutter to make the document simple to use.
Use only one or two fonts and a minimum of three heading sizes.
Avoid piling up special effects (bold, italics, blinking and so on).
The Web offers great possibilities for using color, moving images and sound files,
but keep things simple and elegant, and do not overcrowd the screen.
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Graphic Embellishments
• Use horizontal rules, graphic bullets, icons and other visual markers sparingly (if
at all).
• The tools of graphic emphasis are powerful and should be used only in small
doses if you want to avoid a garish, confusing clown's pants effect.
• Keep the design elements and content appropriate to the situation.
• Determine the image or mood you want to convey through your website and stick
with it.
• Use appropriate graphics to communicate rather than just decorate.
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Consistency/predictability
• Repeat major design elements (headings, text blocks, graphics, navigational
controls, etc.) to match users' expectations.
• Create a template or format that provides a consistent pattern for the user.
Establish a consistent background that is maintained throughout the different
levels of your site.
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Flexibility
• Unlike a book, where the layout is literally fixed to the page, the Web is dynamic.
• Users can increase or decrease font sizes and turn images on or off.
• Users' screen resolutions can range from 600 x 800 to 1600 x 1024. When
designing your site, remember that users can experience your site in a number of
ways.
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File optimization
• Images, sound, video and PDF files can exist in a range of formats and resolutions. A twominute video clip, for example, could be provided to users as an avi file 100Mb in size at
one extreme or a 2Mb MPEG file at the other. Both offer similar screen resolution and
image clarity.
• What is the best screen resolution for video files? High resolution (800 x 600 pixels) is
too much and will result in a large file download; 250 x 200 pixels may be perfectly
adequate. The same considerations apply to moving images and sound files.
REMEMBER: the higher the resolution of the image, the larger the file size.
• Accordingly, irrespective of format used, 72DPI (dots per inch) will be more than
adequate for images to be used on the Web.
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File Backup
• If you are building or maintaining a site yourself, remember to back it up
frequently and to make a back-up copy before overwriting any file. That way, if
things go wrong you can reinstall the original file.
Bandwidth
• Bandwidth is like lanes on a highway. It allows for more traffic to go through at
once, while still retaining high speeds.
Common activities causing bandwidth problems are:
•Watching videos from Internet (YouTube, Netflix)
•Large file transfers between computers (greater than 100 megabytes in size)
•Constant stream of data (surveillance footage from security cameras)
•Downloading files from internet
•Uploading file to the internet.
Large file transfers or data streams within a network should be placed on a
separate network, in order to avoid bottlenecking other users.
Browser differences
• Web browser is a translation device. It takes a document written in the HTML
language and translates it into a formatted Web page.
• The basic rules for translating HTML documents are established by the World
Wide Web consortium, which publishes the official HTML standards.
• But there's considerable room for interpretation within those ground rules.
• Since HTML tags isn't universal, developer could building page parts using the
language that not all browsers understand. In that case the browser will ignore
that part page it can't translate, and the way page displays will be affected.
• Test your pages with HTML Toolbox and review its Browser Compatibility report.
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Why do you care about Browser Compatibility?
• Web sites reflect the company's professional image. If your site renders
improperly or not at all, your company's reputation can be tarnished. If your site
has browser display problems, visitors and potential customers will leave your
site and not look back.
• In contrast, a professional looking site will make visitors feel more comfortable,
stay longer and browse more pages. And because of this increased credibility,
they are more likely to purchase the products and services that they are looking
for from you.
Monitor Resolution
• Also called as screen resolution.
• Screen resolutions begin at 320px wide all go the way to thousands of pixels
wide.
• So, because of all these variants it is worth making sure that your site works in as
many of them as possible.
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There are three ways to get round the problem of screen resolution:
• Make your content dynamic so that is adjusts to meet the browser resolution. The
modern way to do this is with a responsive layout.
• Make the site ‘full width’ to that it will always fill the screen. Which is fine if everybody
has the same screen as you. But just because it looks good on your 1024 pixel wide
screen doesn’t mean it will work for somebody with a 21″ monitor at 2048 pixel
resolution.
• Put your contents in a box that will fit most screen resolutions. Box width generally
accepted minimum resolution for a PC/MAC these days is 1024px, setting a content
width of 960px should be OK. Use your analytics package however to check before you
make any major changes.
• If most of the visitors use a smartphone or a tablet then you need to cater for them as
well by using responsive design.
Legal and Privacy Issues
• Legal issues include copyright infringement and content liability.
Copyright
• Copyrights attach automatically to all original, creative work in a
tangible or digital form.
• Copyright infringement occurs when someone violates one of the
FIVE exclusive uses of rights given to a copyright owner by The
Copyright Act.
1. The right to reproduce the work.
2. The right to prepare adaptive works.
3. The right to distribute copies.
4. The right to publicly perform.
5. The right to publicly display the work.
Copyright
• The only way a web site owner can safely use copyrighted material on
the site as a publisher is to insure that usage falls under one of the
following exceptions:
1. If an employee creates an original work in the scope of their
employment the work automatically belongs to the employer.
2. Written agreement transferring ownership, Ownership can only
be transferred in writing containing an express statement that the
ownership is being transferred for an existing work or that the
work is being completed.
3. Express or Implied License: Copyright owners can license the use
of their work to web site owners.
Copyright
4. Fair Use: Section 107 of the Copyright Act says that copyrighted
work used by others .".... for purposes such as criticism, comment,
news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom
use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright."
Privacy Issues
• Privacy issues these days are very dangerous issues these days.
Privacy infractions can
1. Ruin your credit.
2. Expose personal information.
3. Allow someone to steal your credit.
4. Personal information will be sold to the third parties without
permission.
• There are many sources for web privacy infractions and they attack
schools, university, banking, and government database using AJAX
and XQuery.
Privacy Issues
• To provide security for transmission of personal or confidential
information, Web site use Encryption.
• Encryption is a process that encode data into illegible content, which
prevents data from being read by an unauthorized recipient.
• To restore the usability of encrypted data, Decryption techniques
applied to remove the encryption and return to the normal format.
• SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is the standard security technology for
establishing an encrypted link between a web server and a browser.
This link ensures that all data passed between the web server and
browsers remain private and integral