Transcript Chapter 1

Computer Basics
Section
A
CHAPTER
PARSONS/OJA
1
Computer,
Internet, and
Network
Basics
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
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Chapter
1
Computer, Internet, and Network Basics
Chapter PREVIEW
After this chapter, you should be able to:
 Describe the functions of a computer system
 Identify the components of a personal
computer system
 Describe operating systems
 Describe Internet communications and basic
features
 Explain how an e-mail system works
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Chapter
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Section A
Computer Basics
What are the functions of a computer
system?
 (1) accepts data as input, (2) processes data, (3) stores data,
4) produces output
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Input
 Input provides data for the computing system
 Words in a document
 Numbers for a calculation
 Pictures
 Automation
 Scanners
 EDI
• Reduce errors
• Fast
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Input
 Voice Recognition
 Problems
• Training software
• Clear and precise enunciation
• Background noise
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Processing
 Processing is the way that a computer
manipulates data
 performing calculations
 sorting lists and numbers
 drawing graphs
 A computer processes data in a device called the
central processing unit (CPU)
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Computer Basics
Data, Information, and Files
 Data is defined as the symbols, raw facts or
figures that represent people, events, things and
ideas
 Information is data that is presented in a format
people can understand and use
 Computers store data in digital format as a
series of 1s and 0s.
 Each 1 or 0 is called a bit
 Eight bits is called a byte
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Output
 Computer output is the results produced by the
computer
 reports
 documents
 music
 graphs
 pictures
 An output device displays, prints or transmits the
results of processing
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Storage
 A computer stores data so that it will be available
for processing
 Memory is an area of a computer that holds data
that is waiting to be processed and for later use
 Temporary
 Storage is the area where data can be left on a
permanent basis
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What’s so significant about a
computer’s ability to store instructions?
 A stored program means that a series of
instructions for a computing task can be loaded
into a computer’s memory
 This concept allows you to use your computer for
multiple tasks over and over again
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Computer Basics
A computer stores data in files, right?
 A file is a named collection of data that exists on a storage
medium
 A data file contains data such as the text for a document
 Generally what you create
 An executable file contains the programs or instructions
that tell a computer how to perform a specific task
 A filename extension describes a file’s contents
 EXE
 GIF
 Back-up of computer files
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What is a personal computer system?
 A personal computer system consists of the
following:
 Computer system unit
 Display device
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Floppy disk drive
 Hard disk drive
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What is a personal computer system?
Section A




CD-ROM or DVD drive / CD-writer
Sound card and speakers
Modem
Printer
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What is a personal computer system?
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What is a peripheral device?
 A peripheral device designates equipment that
might be added to a computer to enhance its
functionality
 Printer
 Digital camera
 Scanner
 Joystick
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Chapter
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Section A Computer Basics
Application Software and Operating
Systems Basics
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What is application software?
 Application software is a set of computer
programs that helps a person carry out a task
 Create, edit, and print documents
 Manage money accounts
 Create and edit home movies
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Is an operating system some type of
application software?
 An operating system is essentially the master
controller for all activities that take place within a
computer
 Acts as a “go between” for application
software and hardware
 Why you know the name Bill Gates
 Does this give Microsoft an advantage in
developing application software???
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What are the most popular operating
systems?
 Microsoft Windows
 Microsoft Antitrust case
 Microsoft required computer makers to install Internet
Explorer if they wanted to use Windows 95
• Designed to eliminate Netscape
Navigator??
 Federal judge ruled Microsoft was a monopoly and was
abusing this power
 Thankfully (for Microsoft) Bush was elected President
and settlement was negotiated
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What are the most popular operating
systems?
 Mac OS
 Why you can’t run application software
designed for Windows on a Mac
 Linux
 Free operating system
• Stable
• Uses hardware efficiently
• Threat to Microsoft’s stranglehold on operating
systems?
 Unix
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How does an operating system affect
compatibility?
 Two of the most important factors that influence
compatibility and define a computer’s platform
are the microprocessor and the operating system
 Wintel
• Intel is the dominant force in microprocessors
• Windows is the primary operating system
• As a result, Microsoft and Intel have an
extraordinary amount of clout in the computer
industry
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Chapter
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Section B
Internet Basics
How does the Internet work?
 The Internet is an international computer network
linked together to exchange data and distribute
processing tasks
 Developed from a military project to “harden” data
communications infrastructure
 Discussed further in Chapter 5
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Internet Basics
Where is all of the Internet data stored?
 It is estimated that the Internet provides access to
more data than is stored in all the academic
research libraries in the U. S.
 Most of the information is stored on servers which
are owned and maintained by government
agencies, corporations, small businesses,
schools, organizations, and even individuals
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Chapter
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Section C
Web Basics
What is the Web?
 URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - the Internet
address of a document on a computer
 begin with http://
 HTTP: protocol that allows Web browsers to
communicate with Web servers
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Chapter
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Section C
Web Basics
What is a browser?
 Web browsers: software for accessing many
types of servers
 Internet Explorer
 Netscape
• Application software or system software?
 A browser retrieves and displays web pages
 HTML: commands controlling the display of the
web pages
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Chapter
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Section C
Web Basics
Exactly what does a browser do?
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Chapter
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Section B
Internet Basics
Internet Service Providers
What’s an ISP?
 An ISP: provides Internet access to businesses,
organizations, and individuals
 Local ISP: Consolidated Communications
 National ISP: AOL, MSN
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Section B
Internet Basics
User ID’s and Passwords
 A user ID: characters that becomes a person’s
unique identifier
 A password: is a different series of characters
that verifies your identity
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Passwords
 What not to use
 any form of any name
 any or part of your user id
 phone number, birthday or anniversary
 license plate, social security or any number
 any word
 less than six characters
•
software to crack passwords
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
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Passwords
 What to use
 easy to remember
 at least six characters
 can be typed quickly
 combination of letters, numbers, symbols
•
3nu$7%
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
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Passwords
 Creating easy and secure passwords
 an acronym, e.g. IlBUS1950!
 the first letters and numbers of a sentence.
•
•
ImtTi1978.
I moved to Texas in 1978.
 choose two short words and combine them
with a punctuation character
•
eiu+cold
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
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Passwords
 Don’t…
 write it down
 check “Remember my password”
 use simple reminders
 Do…
 Change your password every two months
 Create different passwords for different types of
accounts
• Low security: WebCT
• High security: Online banking
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
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Chapter
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Section B
Internet Basics
What sort of resources does the
Internet provide?
 Web Sites
 Search engines
 E-commerce: Chapter 6
 E-mail
 Chat groups and instant messaging
 Internet telephony
 Broadcasting
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Chapter
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Section B
Internet Basics
What sort of resources does the
Internet provide?
 Web Sites –corporations, stores, magazines, and
more
 Domain names www.ford.com
 Not incredibly expensive
 First come, first served www.isu.edu
 mcgradyproperties.com
 Cybersquatting
 McDonalds.com
 Lawsuits
• Reynolds.com
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Search engines
Search engines
Individual
Searches
Limit searches to improve relevance
Chicago Bears
“ChicagoCubs”
“Chicago Cubs”, + losers
Cardinals, + winners
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Meta
Database of web pages
Chapter
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Section C
Web Basics
Search Engines
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Search engines
Search engines
Individual
Meta
Database of web pages
Searches
Spiders (bots) crawl through links
Index words on public web pages
Web page owners can submit pages
Searching index, not all of web!!
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
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Some web page owners pay
to have their pages shown
when you search for
“commercial” topics
Chapter
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Section C
Web Basics
How do I use a form to find
information?
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Search engines
Search engines
Individual
Meta
Topic Directory
Database of web pages
Multiple search engines
Hierarchy of topics
google.com
dogpile.com
yahoo.com
Only 60% overlap in
search engine content
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
Parsons/Oja
When should you
use Yahoo instead
of a search
engine??
Chapter
1
Section B
Internet Basics
What sort of resources does the
Internet provide?
 Chat groups and instant messaging –
interaction between users in real time
 Internet telephony – telephone-style
conversations
 Broadcasting – multicasting technology
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Chapter
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Section D
E-mail Basics
How do POP and SMTP work?
 POP server –stores your incoming messages
until they can be transferred to your computer
 Using POP mail requires e-mail client software
such as Microsoft Outlook
 Outgoing mail is routed by an SMTP server
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E-Mail
Use bcc: to
quickly send
messages to
multiple
“significant
others”???
Sending E-mail
cc:
bcc:
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E-Mail
Responding to E-mail
Forward
Reply
Reply All
Responding to group messages
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If you reply to a
message from
the class
listserv (the
class e-mail
list), who will
receive your
reply???
E-MAIL
Should you
keep 472
messages in
your In Box???
Managing E-mail
Move messages from your In-Box
Use folders
Delete messages you don’t move
Empty trash
Storage limits
Computer Concepts 5th Edition
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Should you
respond to junk
mail messages
to unsubscribe
from mailing
lists???
E-MAIL
Managing E-mail
Spam
Unsolicited commercial e-mail to multiple recipients
Unsubscribe??
Block Sender/Filters?? (BUS 1950)
Get a junk e-mail account
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E-MAIL
Should
employers
monitor e-mail
messages of
their
employees??
?
E-mail privacy
Arcola
Sending electronic postcard
Donnelleys
Some employers monitor e-mail
Plaintiffs attorneys love e-mail
Prosecuting attorneys love e-mail
Bank of America
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Microsoft
Merrill
Lynch
Chapter
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Section D
E-mail Basics
What’s an e-mail attachment?
 An e-mail attachment is a file that travels with a
message to the recipient
 Easy way to send a virus
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