Transcript View Slides - Web Science and Knowledge Management

Growing the Semantic Web with
Inverse Semantic Search
Hans-Jörg Happel, FZI Karlsruhe
1st Workshop on Incentives for the Semantic Web (INSEMTIVE 2008)
at ISWC 2008, Karlsruhe, Germany, October 26th, 2008
1
The Basis
 Metadata (and structured data) are useful for a lot of fancy things
• Many kinds of search and retrieval tasks
• „Task automation“ on the Semantic Web
 „Metadata“ can be „created“ in various ways
• Exposure of existing structured data (e.g. DBPedia)
• (Semi-)Automatic metadata creation
• Human metadata creation (e.g. tagging, annotations)
 Access to metadata might be restricted
• Different spheres of sharing (private, friends, world…) – even in
Web 2.0 applications (e.g. Flickr, del.icio.us)
2
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
2
The Problem
 So metadata is a nice thing…but…
• Metadata creation is costly
• Metadata creation is decoupled from metadata use (concerning
time and actors)
 No unified theory, why metadata is created and how it is shared
• SemWeb Vision does not address the creator side of metadata –
it spends a lot of effort to convince people using the Semantic
Web but not contributing to it
 Research questions
• How can individuals be guided to create the right metadata?
• How can individuals be motivated to create this metadata?
3
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
3
Individual‘s incentives and disincentives
for contributions
 (Photo) tagging systems
• Personal and social benefit (organizational, functional) [1, 2, 3]
 (Movie) rating systems
• Uniqueness of contribution and goal setting [4]
• Value and relationships [5]
 General knowledge management
• Lack of personal benefit [6, 7, 8]
• Privacy (expose information or expertise) [9, 10]
• Effort (cost of knowledge capturing, categorization and setting
access rights) [10, 11]
4
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
4
HOW IT WORKS NOW
The Idea (1)
„Search“ leads to importing
metadata from the Semantic Web
to the private space of the user
Metadata creator
Metadata user
actsIn(Casablanca,
Borgart)
+
?
mentionedIn(Casablanca, ?x)
INVERSE SEM. SEARCH
Evolution of the
Semantic Web
„Inverse Search“ leads to
contributing metadata to
the public Semantic Web
Metadata user
?
Metadata creator
? !
mentionedIn(Casablanca,
Paris)
+
mentionedIn(Casablanca, ?x)
Evolution of the
Semantic Web
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
5
5
The Idea (2)
 Inverse Semantic Search means
• Share semantic queries instead of metadata (to preserve data
privacy)
• Derive an aggregated information need from the semantic queries
of a community (to lower cost)
• Display/use aggregated information need to acquire/share
metadata in a focussed and selective way (to raise motivation)
 Initial concept lined out in the papers leaves further questions
• Work with more complex semantic queries
• Proper heuristics for deriving unsatisfied information needs
• Applying reasoning to aggregate information needs
• Embed principle in concrete application designs
6
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
6
Summary
 How can individuals be guided to create the right metadata?
• Try to predict which metadata could be useful in the future
• Inverse search as a meachnism to use semantic query logs for
that purpose
 How can individuals be motivated to create this metadata?
• Address feedback channels and easy sharing facilities in
application design
• Nice UIs with context-specific need representations („What is
missing?“)
7
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
7
The End
 Thanks for your attention!
www.team-project.eu
 Any questions?
http://waves.fzi.de
 Further reading
•
•
Happel, H.-J., Stojanovic, L.: Analyzing organizational information
gaps. In: I-Know08: Proceedings of 8rd International Conference
on Knowledge Management. (2008)
Happel, H.-J.: Closing Information Gaps with Inverse Search. In
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Practical
Aspects of Knowledge Management (PAKM2008) (to appear)
Hans-Jörg Happel
FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik
Karlsruhe, Germany
www.fzi.de/ipe
{happel}@fzi.de
8
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
8
Cited Literature
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
[1] Ames, M., Naaman, M.: Why we tag: motivations for annotation in mobile and online media. In: CHI ’07: Proceedings
of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, New York, NY, USA, ACM (2007) 971–980
[2] Kustanowitz, J., Shneiderman, B.: Motivating annotation for personal digital photo libraries: Lowering barriers while
raising incentives. Technical Report HCIL-2004-18, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA (01 2005)
[3] Marlow, C., Naaman, M., Boyd, D., Davis, M.: Ht06, tagging paper, taxonomy, flickr, academic article, to read. In:
HYPERTEXT ’06: Proceedings of the seventeenth conference on Hypertext and hypermedia, New York, NY, USA, ACM
2006) 31–40
[4] Beenen, G., Ling, K., Wang, X., Chang, K., Frankowski, D., Resnick, P., Kraut, R.E.: Using social psychology to
motivate contributions to online communities. In: CSCW ’04: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer
supported cooperative work, New York, NY, USA, ACM (2004) 212–221
[5] Rashid, A.M., Ling, K., Tassone, R.D., Resnick, P., Kraut, R., Riedl, J.: Motivating participation by displaying the value
of contribution. In: CHI ’06: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems, New York,
NY, USA, ACM (2006) 955–958
[6] Angel Cabrera and Elizabeth F. Cabrera. Knowledge-sharing dilemmas. Organization Studies, 23:687–710, 2002.
[7] Ulrike Cress and Friedrich-Wilhelm Hesse. Knowledge sharing in groups: experimental findings of how to overcome a
social dilemma. In ICLS ’04: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Learning sciences, pages 150–157.
International Society of the Learning Sciences, 2004.
[8] Molly McLure Wasko and Samer Faraj. Why should i share? examining social capital and knowledge contribution in
electronic networks of practice. MIS Quarterly, 29(1):35–57, 2005.
[9] Alexander Ardichvili, Vaughn Page, and Tim Wentling. Motivation and barriers to participation in virtual knowledgesharing communities of practice. Journal of Knowledge Management, 7(1):64–77, 2003.
[10] Kevin C. Desouza. Barriers to effective use of knowledge management systems in software engineering. Commun.
ACM, 46(1):99–101, 2003.
[11] Kevin C. Desouza and J. Roberto Evaristo. Managing knowledge in distributed projects. Commun. ACM, 47(4):87–
91, 2004.
9
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
9
Metadata gaps
10
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
10
Types of queries
11
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
11
Simple semantic query log
12
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
12
High-level architecture & UI
(for keyword-based Inverse Search)
Server
Clients
13
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
13
Inverse search (process perspective)
14
Growing the Semantic Web with Inverse Semantic Search
14