Transcript Non-Web Information Architecture

Information Architecture & Design
• Week 14 Schedule
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(Non-Web) IA Beyond the Browser
Rosenfeld Chapter 19
Other Primary Readings
BREAK
Research Topic Presentations (2)
10 Minute Drill
• 2 More This Week
• 2 More Next Week
IA Methodology
Planning
Analysis
Design
Verification
Construction
Maintenance
Enterprise IA is Different
• Not Completely
• Application Design
- Webify – Front Ends
- Database Use
• (Even More) Integration Issues
- Content
- Quality & Quantity
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Existing Design Guidelines
More Specific Users
More Definable Goals
Enforced Use
- Use Data
- Feedback for Verification
Enterprise IA Outcomes
• Centralized
- More Return on Investment – Efficient Use
- Reduced Development Costs
• Clarified
- Consistent
- Accurate
• Simplified Technology Platform
- More Open to Information Sharing
- IA Structures Help Define Organization (Goals)
• Extendable IA System
Enterprise IA Strategies
• Problems
- Scheduling Aggressiveness
- Comprehensive Information Expectation
- Information Feudalism (Turf Battles)
• Solutions
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Executive Sponsorship
Skunk Works, Tiger Teams, Barrel of Monkeys
Keep Your Eye on ROI
Internal Promotion (Clients)
Stakeholder Solicitation (Clients)
Frozen – Thaw – Freeze Again
• Framework Checklist on Page 375
IA Beyond the Browser
• Location?
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Everywhere
Household
Automobile
Fieldwork
Officework
• Purpose?
- Everything (Integrated Devices)
- Single Task (Appliances)
• Interface?
- Personalized
- Simplified
• Audio In
• Audio Out
- Modal
- Contextual
IA Beyond the Browser (2)
• Intimacy?
- Not just “My” Yahoo
- My Device
• Faceplates
• Ringtones
• Button Overlays
• Ubiquity?
- Proximity
- Interoperability
• Content?
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Dynamic Streaming Data
Email – Voicemail – Pic mail
Web Data
Synchronize
• Altogether New Designs and Functions
Future IA
• Bandwidth
- Wireless
• Security
- Financial Mgmt
- Cryptography
• Ubiquitous Computing
• Privacy
• Cultural
- Adoption
- Revolution
Handhelds for Info Retrieval
• PDAs are for task-specific use
• Locating and Relocating Information
- Directions
- Shopping Lists
- Phone Numbers
• Mental Models for Remembering Information
• What are the Differences between Handheld
and PC Web Browsers?
Albers & Kim (2000)
Handhelds for Info Retrieval (2)
• The Nature of Information Retrieval Tasks
- Simple Information Look-up
• Search for Existing (Local) Information
• Search for New (Networked) Information
- Information Manipulation
• Comparison
• Editing (Tweaking)
- Navigate – Locate – Recognize
• Screen Size Reduces User Effectiveness
• Device Memory Limitations Affect
Comprehensiveness
• Bandwidth?
Handhelds for Info Retrieval (3)
• Existing Guidelines for Design
- Human Short Term Memory 7+/-2
• Unfamiliar Tasks
• Cognitive Overload
- Scrolling and “Clicking” Interfere
• Will Not
• Can Not
• See (?) Not
- Minimal Graphics (Resolution) Affects Landmark
Use
- More Skimming, Information Lost
- Task Focus Equalized Among Tasks
- Leverage Existing Mental Models
• Hierarchical Models
Handhelds for Info Retrieval (4)
• Key Differences Between Desktop and
Handheld Interfaces
- Text
- Graphics
- Audio
• Implications for Future Research
- Short Term Memory Models
- Learning New Mental Models
- Design Evaluation
• Excellent Bibliography
Web Design Issues
• When Searching for Information in a Small
Screen Display
• 28 User Experiment
• “Strategic Information Searches”
• Desktop PC vs. Palm (IIIc)
• More Time on Handheld (Varied)
• Information Location Breakdowns at 225 & 350
Words (5 Test Pages)
• Accuracy Similar Among Systems
Kim & Albers (2001)
Web Design Issues (2)
• Re-Think Web Design Ideas and Guidelines
• “Web Browsing vs. Strategic Information Seeking”
• Task-Specific
- Look-Ups (Reminding and Refreshing)
- Not Exhaustive Searches (Learning)
- “Answer Clearly Articulated Questions”
• Most Guidelines are for Interfaces, Not Information
(Architecture)
- Not Just Less Information
- Not Only Lists, but Structures
- IA May Help More Than UI
• On-Line Comprehension
- Even Less on Handhelds (Note Cards?)
- Context & Concise Information
• Order of Problems & Tasks
• Relative Semantic Representations of Information
• Timely
Typical Dynamic Info View
Typical News View
Typical Menu View
Using Small Screen Space
• Semi-Transparency for Widgets with Text
• Delays in Overlapping Widget Display for
Interaction Save Display Space
• Design Inspirations
- Magic Lens
• Filtering to Modify Presentation
• Weather – Traffic – Population Map(s)
- Pad++
• Zooming
• Panning
- Gestures
• Graffiti
Using Small Screen Space (2)
Using Small Screen Space (3)
Using Small Screen Space Results
• Familiarity Improves Interaction
• Users Wanted to “Break the UI” - If No
Overlap, No Delay for Interaction
• Shorter Delay Time (1/5 second)
• Icons First vs. Text First Interaction
• How Would Information Complexity Change
this Design?
• Additional Feedback with Audio?
Improving Mobile Internet Usability
• WAP Issues
• How Does the Protocol Affect IA?
• Put “web-like material on current and future
phone networks” p 673
• Using “ellipsis” to diplay important information
elements
• Phones (Still) Currently (Primarily) Support
Hierarchical Menus
- Orange - LOTS of key presses
• Perfect avg = 8.2
• Test avg = 16.5
Buchanan, et al. (2001)
Improving Mobile Internet Usability (2)
- Currently: “2,2,2” for “C”
- Improved with Scrollable List of Possible Choices
• Best Match
• Possible Match
• Function Synonyms (Labels)
- Not Frequently-Used Functions
• Dynamic Interfaces (Can) Cause Confusion
• Conflicts with Habit
• Less Optimal, But Predictable
- WebTwig Dynamic Outline Works
- Cursor Keys Need to Be Improved
- Avoid Scrolling
- Use Action Text
Other Protocols
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802.11
Bluetooth
3G
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)
GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service)
WAP
WML
XML
Flash
PAD++
IA Toolbox of Handheld Ideas
• Companies - Programs
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AvantGo
Palm Developer
Air2Web
I-Mode
PocketPC
Symbian
Nokia
MetroWerks
IA Resources for the Future
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“Smart Mobs” – Howard Rheingold
“Contextual Computing”
Invisible Computer – Don Norman
Good Old-Fashioned Future - Bruce Sterling
Industrial Design
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DoCoMo
Apple Knowledge Navigator
HP “Cooltown”
IBM Pervasive Computing
UbiComp
IEEE Spectrum
Japan
Next Week
• Advanced (Special Case) IA Topics
• Readings
- Questions for Class Discussion
- Class Participation
• 10-Minute Drills Continue: Project Group
Check-In
• EoY