Transcript User group profiles

Requirements-definition
User analysis
Today’s objectives
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More about - Requirement definition stage
 Users
 Tasks
 Environment
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Box model | floats
Usability Goals | Objectives
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Begin with clearly defined goals.
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Usability goals and objectives are targets for
product usability.
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Defined (Goals) in the Plan/Analysis Phase.
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Goals typically measured with usability testing.
Usability Goals | Objectives
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Usability goals include:
 measurable
behavior and specific criteria
 E.g., time-on-task, number of errors, and
completion or success rate.
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Example: Create a new employee account
within 1 minute with no support or
documentation.
Analysis
User analysis
Universal Usability
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First step in any web site design process is to
gather information about users-who they are,
what their goals are-and identify their
requirements for working with the site. The
research phase is normally the most timeconsuming phase of any design project, but
that imbalance is due in large part to the fact that
the design and evaluation phase moves more
rapidly because of the time spent on research.
Source: Lynch & Horton , Universal Usability in the Design Process http://webstyleguide.com/
User-Centered Design
Steps
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Requirements-definition - client gives developers
information about functionality and requirements.
Establish design for the project.
Develop prototypes that reflect the emerging design, using
the programming language or development environment.
Submit prototypes to client for feedback and modifications.
Revise prototypes to reflect the client’s changes.
Repeat steps 3 and 5 for additional part of the system.
User-Centered Design
Requirements-definition
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User Analysis: what do you need to know about the
users? To get a good interface you have to figure out
who is going to use it to do what.
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Task Analysis: what are user’s goals and what tasks
do they perform to achieve those goals?
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Environment analysis: Where is the user going to
use the site? What is the user’s environment? What
effect does it have on task performance?
Target audience
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Target audience - group of users that you have
identified as critical to the success of your site.
(e.g., grade-school children, teens, or retirees).
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Or you may be designing for a specific
technology, such as mobile devices.
Target audience
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Target audience may share common interests, but it
is unlikely they share access requirements.
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Some are experts and others first-time users.
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Some a frequent users other are infrequent users.
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Some have low or no vision, and others may have
mobility or dexterity issues.
Target audience
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Some may access your site on a laptop,
workstation, PDA, and/or cell phone.
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Although you may target a certain audience,
others will come.
Target audience | Example
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Site: Audio/stereo equipment retailer
Target audience:
 Purchasers
of high-end stereo equipment
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BUT … a high-end audio (stereo) equipment
retailer will likely get visited by novices wanting
to purchase equipment for someone.
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Design for both high-end purchasers and
novices (language, specs, etc).
Universal Usability
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Two most important issues for usability are
the user tasks and [users'] individual
characteristics and differences.
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User group profiles describe the
characteristics of users, the people who
use a product.
Source: http://www.uiaccess.com/accessucd/index.html
User group profiles | Characteristics
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Demographics
Job responsibilities and tasks
Frequency of use (daily, once per month, once per year)
Hardware (laptop or desktop, processor speed, monitor
resolution)
Environment (shared office, private office, shared public
terminal)
Software (operating system, browser version)
Computer experience
Web application experience
Task knowledge (how well do they understand the task)
User group profiles | Characteristics
More things to think about:
 Is your site used daily on the job, or it is used at home
for recreation or a hobby?
 Is there a specialized vocabulary?
 Does your user do the same job all day? Bored?
 If for personal use, what is the purpose?
 To inform
 To entertain
 To sell
User group profiles | Characteristics
More things to think about:
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Novice
 Faces a frightening unknown; timid, nervous, in no mood
to explore your goodies
Advanced Beginner
 Less fear: knows basics; still impatient at having to learn
how to do tasks.
Competent Performer
 Can diagnose simple problems and can perform a
complex series of tasks
Expert
 Small group. Can diagnose complex problems. Has a
mental model of the application. Not typical users.
User group profiles | Characteristics
Know that you may have primary and
secondary users
 Primary user: person who actively uses site:
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 Airline
reservation clerk
 Help desk staff
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Secondary user: person served by a primary
user:
 Airline
passenger
 Customer who called the support line
Example | User Group Profiles
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User Group Profiles are created during
User Analysis
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Example | User Group Profiles
http://www.uiaccess.com/accessucd/users_eg.html
How to learn the characteristics…
Sources of information to learn about users:
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Observation
Surveys
Interviews
Focus groups
Web analytics
(https://www.google.com/analytics/settings/home)
Field studies
How to learn the characteristics…
Other good sources:
 Users themselves, preferably in their
workplace.
 Customer service and technical support.
They deal with users as their job.
How to learn the characteristics…
Observe a user at a computer lab
Teach a novice how to use e-mail
Observe behavior during task
Universal Usability
Accessibility
Accessibility applies to all…
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Because people with disabilities are
potentially members of all user groups,
accessibility considerations apply to all
user group profiles.
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Avoid the pitfall of "we don't have any
users with disabilities".
Accessibility throughout UCD…
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Accessible design techniques fit well into
User-Centered Design (UCD) processes.
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Accessibility should be considered early
and throughout design.
Accessibility ensures…
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that people with disabilities can use a product.
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interfaces are perceivable, operable, and
understandable for people with a wide range
of abilities.
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that products are more usable by people in a
wide range of situations.
Accessibility standards ensure…
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that your product is designed to be accessible.
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W3C - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
(WCAG) standards for websites and web
applications (http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag.php)
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How to Meet WCAG 2.0
http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/
Accessibility standards ensure…
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Electronic and Information Technology
Standards: An Overview
http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/summary.htm
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Dive Into Accessibility
http://www.diveintoaccessibility.org/
Accessibility standards ensure…
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How People with Disabilities Use the
Web
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http://www.w3.org/WAI/EO/Drafts/PWD-Use-Web/
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Introduction to the Screen Reader
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http://www.doit.wisc.edu/accessibility/video/intro.asp