Transcript Senior Secondary Librarians Conference – presentation

Constructive use of disruptive
technologies
How can Web2.0 help schools, colleges and
libraries?
Ken Price 2007 -
Free for educational non-profit use under Creative Commons license
1
What does Web 2.0 mean for
education?
Implications for teachers and librarians?
How can we best use it?
What does it mean for school systems?
How might it affect models of education?
2
"The reasonable man adapts himself to the
conditions that surround him... The
unreasonable man adapts surrounding
conditions to himself... All progress
depends on the unreasonable man."
George Bernard Shaw
3
“You can only tell the shape of things by
looking at the edges”
anon
4
The hype…
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Choose your own definition
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Web is the platform – webtop not desktop
The read-write web (not the read-only web)
The aggregation of data from many users mobs replace a single expert
Usually AJAX-based (Asynchronous Javascript
and XML). Often data combined from multiple
sources – often XML
Location of data is irrelevant
Authentication taken care of by site (sometimes
transferable eg Google, Gmail, etc)
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The Hype “Cycle”
(Gartner, 2007)
www.gartner.com
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The Hype “Cycle”
(Gartner, 2007)
www.gartner.com
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Technical stuff
Boring technical
feature
So what?
JavaScript to tie it all
together
Interaction with user
XHTML and CSS standards
based presentation
Can easily change appearance - data and
presentation separated
Interaction with the page
through the DOM
Can directly control page
Data interchange with XML
and XSLT
Can interoperate with other systems, present
their data in locally-defined ways
Asynchronous data retrieval No discernible lag when you do stuff
with XMLHttpRequest
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Disruptive technology
Web 2.0 is inherently a disruptive
technology… this has two faces.
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Disruptive technology
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Disruption is
Essential to
innovation
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Disruptive technology
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Disruption is Evil for
some (many?) school
leaders, school systems
and maybe some
teachers and librarians
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Web 2.0 is disrupting the way
people use IT in their lives
13
Top 20 Australian web sites
(data source Alexa, August 2007, http://www.alexa.com/)
Google Australia
Ninemsn
Yahoo!
Bebo.com
Google
Blogger.com
Myspace
News.com.au
Microsoft Network (MSN)
Real Estate Australia
YouTube
Sydney Morning Herald
EBay.com.au
EBay
Windows Live
Friendster
Facebook
The Internet Movie Database
Wikipedia
Flickr
Web 1.0
Web 2.0
Web 1.0 with some 2.0
features
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Students are using Web 2.0
now
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Blogs,e.g. Blogspot, Blogger, Mo’time,
Social network software, e.g. Myspace,
Facebook,
Tagged photo stores, e.g. Flickr
Del.icio.us
Wikis,e.g. Wikipedia
Communication networks, e.g. Skype
News and audio services, e.g. podcasts and
hosted video
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Top 20 Educational tools
© Centre for Learning & Performance Technologies, 2007
Firefox
Web browser
Google Docs & Spreadsheets
Web-based document creation
del.icio.us
Social bookmarking tool
Word
Word processing software
Google Search
Web search tool
Audacity
Sound editor and recorder
GMail/Googlemail
Web-based email
iGoogle
Personalised start page
Skype
Instant messaging, VoIP call tool
Wikispaces
Wiki tool
Google Reader
RSS/Feed reader
Dreamweaver
Web authoring tool
Wordpress
Blogging tool
flickr
Photo storage and sharing site
PowerPoint
Presentation software
Moodle
Course management system
Web 1.0
Blogger
Blogging tool
Netvibes
Personal start page
Web 2.0
Bloglines
RSS/Feed reader
Ning
Social networking tool
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Internet Users: Web 1.0  Web 2.0  Web 3.D
Web 2.0
100 million
Information |Participation | Immersion
Virtual Worlds
3D portals
Avatars
Web 1.0
10 million
Number of Users
1 billion
Web 3.D
Weblogs
MUVEs
RSS
Integrated Gaming
Wikis
Social Computing
Websites
Text
Podcasts
Flash
1995
2000
2005
2010
Fetscherin, M & Lattemann, C. (June 2007)
User Acceptance of Virtual Worlds
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Web 2.0 disrupts some beliefs
about knowledge, understanding
and learning
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Metaphors

Web 1.0 – web as digital reference library,
largely a source of information for
students.
strive for content to be authoritative.

Web 2.0 – web as place for students to
build knowledge, interact, share ideas.
accept that content may be unreliable.
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Web 2.0 and pedagogy
“I'm not surprised to read …that most of the
activities involving broadband are teacher-led (or
what I call the Dick Turpin style of teaching - stand
and deliver) because we're not encouraging this
symmetry, with pupils creating content and using
broadband to share it with others.
There needs to be this peer-to-peer type of learning
and this why broadband hasn't yet delivered the
properly personalised curriculum. Sadly, today,
broadband is about delivery and not about what it
truly should be: participation.”
(Stephen Heppell, 2006)
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Web 2.0 disrupts people and their
roles
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Extending a metaphor…
McKeown, L.
http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/lindy/pencil/pencil.htm
Lead-ers at the
pointy end
Wood – Would do it with
the right support from the
leaders
Sharp ones- take
up from early
adopters
The dead wood –hard to
get results with these
The eraser– can undo most of the work of the
others given half a chance
Chewed up- still
Hanger-on: looks
active but happy
like part of the act,
for others to
but does nothing
lead
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And in a Web2.0 world…
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RSS feed
weather feed
RSS feed
podcast
RSS feed
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Pageflakes
www.pageflakes.com/
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A sort of customisable dashboard that can
draw data from a wide range of other
Web2.0 applications
My pageflakes page
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Web 2.0 uptake - initially
Web 2.0 tools are often used as Web 1.0
tools initially
eg blogs and podcasts just a way of
disseminating class tasks and notes,
del.icio.us collections used only to convey
websites, Wikipedia just as a “reference”
tool
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26
Web 2.0 disrupts some ideas on
student participation
Students creating significant content,
feedback and interaction can be a
challenge
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Rate My Teachers…
au.ratemyteachers.com/
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What would your school/system do if
faced with this?
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Rate My Teachers…
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Now has teacher response feature!!
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Wikipedia – how do we see this?
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Digital reference library?
Knowledge creation tool?
What advice on Wikipedia did these kids
have?
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Web 2.0 and constructivism
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If we accept that knowledge creation is at
least a significant part of pedagogy, we
need tools that work that way
Web 2.0 tools do
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Web 2.0 disrupts our perception of
what is mainstream
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Overton Window
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named after Joe Overton
(Mackinac Center for Public
Policy)
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An acceptable "window" of public
reactions to ideas under discussion,
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The Overton Window
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e.g. what should we do with
children who steal?
Gaol
term,
hard
labour
Adult
gaol
term
{
Execute
them, and
their
parents
Court +
child
detention
centre
Social
services
intervention
Smile at
them,
they
will
grow
out of it
The Overton Window
Raise public
discussion about
these ideas
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The Overton Window

moving the Overton Window - people
promote ideas even less acceptable
than the previous "outer fringe" ideas
talk about extremes to shift the average
person’s ideas
37
Implications for leaders?
We have a professional obligation to discuss
and analyse somewhat extreme ideas to shift
the popular view. Nobody else will!
Web 2.0 are such ideas
38
Delicious
http://del.icio.us/
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At its simplest - just a social bookmarks
organiser
Nice way for students to maintain/share
reference and personal collections of online
material, or teachers to present these
Portable, device-independent
Based on user-determined tagging
(folksonomy rather than formal taxonomy)
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Example - http://del.icio.us/practicalclassroomstuff
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Why use del.icio.us?
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Save site found using multiple computers (home and
school) to one place.
Access your bookmarks anywhere you have web access.
Continue to access your bookmarks even when your
computer crashes or you get a new computer.
Share web sites with your students or peers.
Search your bookmarks by keywords and tags.
Use related tags to narrow or extend your searches.
Display your saved web site links by category.
Learn about new sites from your other del.icio.us users.
Subscribe to other users’ del.icio.us bookmarks.
Check out recently posted and popular sites.
http://personal.strath.ac.uk/d.d.muir/Delicious1_2.pdf
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Web 2.0 disrupts some views on
the tools students should use
42
Would you be surprised if in 2005
 84% of prisons had rules against online chatting
 81% had rules against instant messaging
 62% prohibited blogging or participating in online
discussion boards.
 60% prohibited sending and receiving email
 52% prohibited any social networking sites?
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No?
It was actually US
school districts in
2007
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84% - rules against online chatting in school
81% - rules against instant messaging in school
62% -prohibit blogging, participating in online
discussion boards
60% -prohibit email
52% prohibit social networking sites
National Schools Board Association/Grunwald Associates LLS, (2007).
Creating and Connecting- Research and Guidelines on Online Social and Educational
Networking
http://www.nsba.org/site/docs/41400/41340.pdf
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Banning Web 2.0 in schools?
45
Two ways to predict the
future

The best way to predict the future is to
invent it (Alan Kay, 1971)
But some seem to believe
 The best way to predict the future is to
prevent it (satirical self-parody)( Alan
Kay, 2007)
46
Innovate or confiscate?
“Schools normally react to technological change
by confiscating it to protect the past:
ballpoint pens to save our handwriting,
calculators to save our arithmetic,
digital watches to save our analogue timekeeping,
mobile phones to save our... er, well just because
they are new.”
(Heppell, 2000)
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Impact of Web 2.0 on education
systems
 There
seems to be a pattern of
how schools and systems respond
to disruptive technology
 Evident since HotMaiL (maybe
before?)
 5 stages (maybe?)
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System responses to disruptive
technology
Some online tool becomes
available freely
49
System responses to disruptive
technology
Students use it at home and
school
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System responses to disruptive
technology
Some educators may (validly or
otherwise) see this tool as a
threat. They respond by
restricting, renouncing or
simply banning it.
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System responses to disruptive
technology
Tool becomes widespread in wider
community (Gladwell’s Tipping
Point reached?). Student use or
expectation reaches critical mass,
education sees its potential and
the need to provide it securely
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System responses to disruptive
technology
Education responds with a
secure and manageable
replacement
And everyone breathes a sigh of relief….
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System responses to disruptive
technology

Where is your school/institution in relation
to these 5 steps, regarding Web 2.0 ?
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Google Earth
http://earth.google.com/
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As it stands, it’s really Web 1.0
With student-generated and shared data,
it’s an “almost Web 2.0” application.
Mashups of Google Earth or Maps with
other data can produce neat educational
products
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Google Literature Trips, timelines,
etc
www.googlelittrips.com/ - track the journey
described in a book or story, and annotate
the places on the way.
 London timeline (kmz file) animation of
London skyline over time (local copy)
 Student modelling and online stores of
such models eg locating a pulp mill in
Tasmania
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Youtube and Teachertube
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www.youtube.com
www.teachertube.com
Example of YouTube in classroom
www.thecorner.org/hist/video/v_ww2.htm
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Youtube – classroom video
How would your school respond to this?
<<link to teacher rage video>>
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Youtube – the other side of secret
video
Secret filming teacher defended
Mrs Mason denies professional misconduct and
failing to promote the education and welfare of
students.
It would be a "travesty of justice" to discipline a supply teacher who
secretly filmed her pupils for a documentary, a tribunal has heard.
Mrs Mason, of north London, is accused of professional misconduct for
filming staff and students without consent.
She denies misconduct, saying she wanted to expose "classroom chaos".
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6593605.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6589707.stm
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ThinkFree
www.thinkfree.com/
Google docs and
spreadsheets
docs.google.com
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Almost a complete office suite (like
Microsoft Office, etc), complete with
storage and the ability to share or
collaborate
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Why use ThinkFree
or Google Docs?
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Available at home, school, anywhere (both
program and data)
Free, and legal at home and school
Kids can share and collaborate on work
Compatible with common software when
necessary
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Flickr
http://www.flickr.com/
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Simple photo-storing and sharing site
Tagging by users
As always educators find unexpected ways to
use it
16 ways to use Flickr in your library
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Flickr as a tool for
annotating images for
critical analysis or
instruction
Art
 www.flickr.com/photos/ha112/414146234/
Recipes  www.flickr.com/photos/ldandersen/257380
6/
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Mind and
concept
mapping tools
www.mindomo.com
http://bubbl.us/
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Online mindmapping-brainstorming tools,
with inbuilt storage
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Podcasting in a hurry
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tasitepodcast.podomatic.com
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www.podomatic.com
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NoteMesh
http://notemesh.com/
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Collaborative note taking and building of
student knowledge from class/lecture
model.
(associates your email address to your school/college/TAFE/university)
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Gliffy
http://www.gliffy.com/
Online diagramming tool (similar to Visio)
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JumpCut
http://www.jumpcut.com/
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Edit and store videos online
Obvious issues of content, duty of care,
exposure of education system or school
to unwanted publicity
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Web 2.0 disrupts the tradition of
schools and systems having a
monopoly on owning and delivering
curriculum
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Curriki
www.curriki.org
Free online curriculum, built in a wiki-style
model.
Can be used as a resource, or as a place to
collaboratively build curriculum
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Learn a language socially
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Web 2.0 disrupts our ideas on how
education could be organised,
experienced and provided
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Edu 2.0
www.edu20.org
 Provides shared curriculum/courses, and
allows people to teach them or learn
from them
 Courses can be public or private
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Web 2.0 disrupts the idea that
schools are responsible for
providing IT services to students
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OK so what is left?
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There are new ways for kids to have
webtop productivity software, email,
online storage, mindmapping,
diagramming, image management, GISgeospatial tools, video, audio, hardwere
etc etc
What if education and training just made
use of these instead of trying to provide it
all?
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What if all this was available for
free?
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Email, 2 GB of storage per student, mail search tools and integrated
chat.
Access your inbox, calendar, docs and campus info, plus search the
web from one place.
Manage your domain and user accounts online.
Free text and voice calling around the world.
Docs & Spreadsheets: create, share and collaborate on documents
in real-time
Coordinate meetings and school events with sharable calendars.
Easily create and publish web pages.
All with a single username and password
And for a small fee, if you want it…
 Integrate with your existing IT systems or 3rd party solutions.
 24/7 assistance, including phone support.
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Well, it is. Right now.
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One Laptop Per Child
$100 laptop project
It's an education project,
not a laptop project.
— Nicholas Negroponte
• cheap
rugged computers for
students
•many already have computers, but
this might help some situations eg
remote areas, socially
disadvantaged
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OK what is REALLY left for schools?
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Heppell (22 Nov 2007) suggested that
IDENTITY, and proving that a person is
who they say they are, is probably where
schools fit in.
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Web 2.0 can disrupt our very idea
of what a school, education system
or teacher is
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40 weeks x 5 days x 6 hours model, 30
students + teacher organised by age and
moving as a group each year in a funded
environment– is this just a convenience
from last century?
Web 2.0 allows us to consider 365 x 24 x
7 with students organised in other ways (if
we want!) eg new Catholic school in Paramatta
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There are risks…
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Web 2.0 risks
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Where is (are) your data?
Who else can get to it?
Does the application encourage
inappropriate use?
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Web 2.0 risks
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Usernames and passwords –
how to manage them all?
Security risk if you use same
username/pwd as on your
own systems? Need for
different levels of password
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Web 2.0 risks
Facebook 9th ranked website for Australian users ahead of all banks, govt sites, main eBay,
Amazon and Flickr
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Google Australia
Yahoo!
Google
Microsoft Network (MSN)
Myspace
eBay.com.au
YouTube
Windows Live
Facebook
Wikipedia
August Alexa rankings,
http://www.alexa.com/site/ds/top_sites?cc=AU&ts_mode=country&lang=none
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Different usernames and
passwords for lots of
systems? Why not one
super ID that manages all
these?
Openid.net
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Convergence
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Web 2.0 risks
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What happens if the
service provider has
technical problems,
goes out of business
Data volume and
bandwidth
requirements?
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Cost of IT provision
ICT cost of ownership
(a Govt school system)
34%
46%
20%
IT Support
Networking and data charges
Average cost of these services is
just over $250 per student.
Hardware and software
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What will Web 2.0 do to IT costs?
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reduce some software costs, and maybe
hardware (students using own hardware at home more)
Reduce direct support costs might drop
(or shift to other providers)
Actual ISP/bandwidth/data volume will
increase, and so will costs (does this all
have to be via a school in the conventional
sense?)
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Web 2.0 risks
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Copyright implications
Ownership issues (eg your
school)
Cost of hosted or used content
under CAL licensing
Some hope provided by
Creative Commons, NEALS
initiatives…
98
Creative Commons licensing
Attribution:
Credit must be given to the creator
Non-commercial
No derivative works:
only verbatim copies allowed
Share alike:
Can distribute derivative works only under a licence identical
to the licence of your work.
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The future…
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Let’s hope that early-adopter educators
continue to innovate with new
technologies, and schools and systems
make use of their findings to benefit all
learners.
100
What would YOU do?
a
student uses
RateMyTeachers.com and claims
that a teacher is involved in an
inappropriate relationship with
one of her students?
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What would YOU do?

some students use a photosharing
site to share photos of last weekend’s
drinking party. Some of the photos
involve nudity
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What would YOU do?
a teacher uses a free public blog site to
develop and deliver all their year’s work.
The blog site closes without notice 6
months later as the company collapses.
The teacher has no copy of their materials
because “it’s all stored on that network
thing isn’t it??”
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What would YOU do?
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Your students decide to repeatedly
edit the Wikipedia pages for your city,
to “improve” them. The Wikipedia
administrators block the IP range for
your school system so nobody in your
school/system can edit.
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What would YOU do?

Some kids hate the different software
versions, settings and applications on
school and home computers.
They decide instead to do all their work
using ThinkFree, a totally online
application and data storage tool.
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You are now here…
Presentation Ken Price 2007
Free for educational non-profit use under Creative Commons license
106