Transcript Star position tutorial

What do you think?
• Do the stars stay in the same position in the
sky all day/night long?
• Do we see the same stars all year round
every night?
What do you think?
• What causes the stars move?
• Do the stars actually move in the way they
appear from Earth?
• Is the daily motion of the Sun different from
the stars?
Astrology: The belief that the
positions of the stars and planets
as seen from Earth impact
human events.
Constellations – the 88 semirectangular regions that make up the sky
• Northern constellations have Latinized
Greek-mythology names:
– Orion, Cygnus, Leo, Ursa Major, Canis Major, Canis
Minor
• Southern constellations have Latin names:
– Telescopium, Sextans, Pyxsis
Use the Summer Triangle to find
constellations during summer evenings
Use the winter
triangle to find
constellations
during winter
evenings
Anyone recognize any shapes here?
Star Names
Betelgeuse
Aldebaran
Rigel
SIRIUS
Using Orion in to find other
objects
Pleiades
Aldebaran
Great Orion Nebula
Sirius
Pleiades
Seven
Sisters
Subaru
Use the
Big
Dipper in
the
northern
sky as a
way to
find other
groups of
stars
Consider the dome of the sky over our heads….
mixing bowl
Consider the dome of the sky over our heads….
inverted mixing bowl ….
Imagining a
spinning
Celestial
Sphere
surrounding
Earth aids in
thinking about
the position
and motion of
the sky
Imagining a spinning Celestial
Sphere surrounding Earth aids in
thinking about the position and
motion of the sky
Animation!
Celestial Sphere Rotation
Celestial Sphere Rotation
Star B
Star B
2
2
Star A
Star A
1
2
1
2
North Star
Celestial Sphere
Celestial Sphere
3
3
1
1
4
4
3
3
Earth’s Equator
4
4
Celestial Sphere
Rotation
Celestial Sphere
Rotation
Figure 1
Figure 2
Horizon
Is the horizon shown a real
physical horizon, or an
imaginary plane that extends
from the observer and Earth
out to the stars?
Celestial Sphere Rotation
Star B
2
Star A
1
2
Celestial Sphere
Can the observer shown see
an object located below the
horizon?
Celestial Sphere
3
1
4
3
Is there a star that is in an
unobservable position?
When a star travels from
being below the observer’s
horizon to being above the
observer’s horizon, is that star
rising or setting?
4
Celestial Sphere
Rotation
Figure 2
Horizon
Tutorial: Position – p.1
• Work with a partner
• Read the instructions and questions carefully
• Talk to each other and discuss your answers with each
another
• Come to a consensus answer you both agree on
• If you get stuck or are not sure of your answer ask
another group
• If you get really stuck or don’t understand what the
Lecture Tutorial is asking as one of us for help
Celestial Sphere Rotation
Celestial Sphere Rotation
Star B
Star B
2
2
2
1
North Star
Star A
North Star
1
Star A
2
Celestial Sphere
Celestial Sphere
3
3
1
1
4
4
3
3
Earth’s Equator
4
4
Celestial Sphere
Rotation
Celestial Sphere
Rotation
Figure 1
Figure 2
Horizon
Did you get the Key Ideas from the Position
Lecture Tutorial?
Celestial Sphere Rotation
Star B
In what
direction is the
observer
facing?
2
Star A
1
2
Celestial Sphere
Celestial Sphere
3
1
4
3
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
toward the South
toward the North
toward the East
toward the West
Celestial Sphere
Rotation
Figure 2
Horizon
Imagine that from your current location you
observe a star rising directly in the east.
When this star reaches its highest position
above the horizon, where will it be?
A.
B.
C.
D.
high in the northern sky
high in the southern sky
high in the western sky
directly overhead
Celestial Sphere Rotation
Where would
the observer
look to see the
star indicated by
the arrow?
A.
B.
C.
D.
High in the Northeast
High in the Southeast
High in the Northwest
High in the Southwest
Star B
2
Star A
1
2
Celestial Sphere
Celestial Sphere
3
1
4
3
4
Celestial Sphere
Rotation
Figure 2
Horizon
How long did it
take to get this
picture?
Take out a piece of
paper and put your
name and student
ID # on it along
with your answer!!
Earth’s
rotation
causes the
Sun, Planets,
Moon and
stars to appear
to move when
viewed from
Earth
Nightly Motion of the Stars
• Imagine looking toward the East as a star
rises above your horizon - what does it do
after that?
Nightly Motion of the Stars
Celestial Sphere Rotation
Star B
2
Star A
1
2
Celestial Sphere
Celestial Sphere
3
1
4
3
4
Celestial Sphere
Rotation
Figure 2
Horizon
Nightly Motion of the Stars
• For stars (the Moon and planets) that
appear in the southern sky: Stars first
rise near the eastern horizon, move
upward and toward the south, and then
move down and set near the western
horizon.
What direction
is the observer
facing in this
picture?
Nightly Motion of the Stars
• Imagine looking toward the North.
What do stars appear to do over the
course of an evening?
Nightly Motion of the Stars
Celestial Sphere Rotation
Star B
2
Star A
1
2
Celestial Sphere
Celestial Sphere
3
1
4
3
4
Celestial Sphere
Rotation
Figure 2
Horizon
Nightly Motion of the Stars
• Looking North: Stars
appear to move
counter-clockwise
around the stationary
North Star (Polaris) –
we call these
circumpolar stars.
Looking North: Circumpolar
Stars
– Circumpolar stars seem to move counter-clockwise
around the stationary North Star.
– These constellations and stars are visible any night of the
year in the NORTHERN sky because they never rise or
set!
– Examples: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Draco, Cepheus,
and Cassiopeia
What happens over time in the
Northern Sky?
Tutorial: Motion – p. 3
• Work with a partner!
• Read the instructions and questions carefully.
• Discuss the concepts and your answers with one
another.
• Come to a consensus answer you both agree on.
• If you get stuck or are not sure of your answer, ask
another group.
• If you get really stuck or don’t understand what the
Lecture Tutorial is asking, ask one of us for help.
Your Birth Sign
ROUGHLY, it is the constellation that the
Sun is covering up during the day you are
born if you were born 2000 years ago.
Zodiac The 13 Zodiacal constellations that our
Sun covers-up (blocks) in the course of
one year
(used to be only 12)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Aquarius
Pisces
Aries
Taurus
Gemini
Cancer
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Leo
Libra
Virgo
Scorpius
Ophiuchus
Sagittarius
Capricornus
North
Star
Pisces
Aquariu
s
Capricornus
Aries
1 day
Taurus
Sagittarius
Scorpius
365
days
Libra
Gemini
Cancer
Virgo
Leo
Figure 1
The Zodiacal
Constellations
that our Sun
covers-up
(blocks) in the
course of one
year
(only 12 are shown here)
North Star
Aquarius
Pisces
Capricornus
Aries
1 day
Sagittarius
Taurus
Scorpius
365 days
Libra
Gemini
Cancer
Virgo
Leo
Figure 1
The Zodiacal
Constellations that
our Sun covers-up
(blocks) in the
course of one year
(only 12 are shown here)
Taurus
Aries
Gemini
South
Pisces
Cancer
Figure 2 – What it
would look like if you
were the observer in
Figure 1
Which constellation
would that be for the
situation shown?
North Star
Aquarius
Pisces
Capricornus
Aries
1 day
Sagittarius
Taurus
Scorpius
365 days
Libra
Gemini
Cancer
What time is it
for the observer?
Virgo
Leo
Figure 1
Taurus
Aries
Gemini
South
Pisces
Cancer
E
Figure 2 – What it
would look like if you
were the observer in
Figure 1
What is the name
of the constellation
that would appear
on the observers
Eastern Horizon?
W
Western?
For more practice at this – Try Part I of
the “Seasonal Stars” Lecture Tutorial
North Star
Aquarius
Pisces
Capricornus
Aries
1 day
Sagittarius
Taurus
Scorpius
365 days
Libra
Gemini
Cancer
Virgo
Leo
Figure 1
Taurus
Aries
Gemini
South
Pisces
Cancer
E
12 hours later
what object will
be at the position
that Taurus is in
now?
18 hours later
where will the
Sun be?
Where will
Scorpius be?
W
Figure 2 – What it
would look like if you
were the observer in
Figure 1
For more practice at this – Try Part I of
the “Seasonal Stars” Lecture Tutorial
North Star
Aquarius
Pisces
Capricornus
Aries
1 day
Sagittarius
Taurus
Scorpius
365 days
Libra
Gemini
Cancer
Virgo
Leo
Figure 1
Two months from
the time shown
what constellation
will be high in the
Southern sky, at
Midnight?
At Noon?
Taurus
Aries
Gemini
South
Pisces
Cancer
E
Figure 2 – What it
would look like if you
were the observer in
Figure 1
W
What sign will a
person be if they
are born at that
time?
For more practice at this – Try Part I of
the “Seasonal Stars” Lecture Tutorial