Transcript Library supply meets library demand: a Web 2.0 approach

Stellenbosch
University
2008 Annual
Symposium
6 November 2008
Library Supply meets Library Demand:
A Web 2.0 Approach
Chip Nilges
Vice President, Business Development
OCLC
Top 20 visited Web sites worldwide
Top Web properties worldwide by number of visitors - June 2008 (SEW)
Membership Reports/Studies
• 90% are satisfied with search engines
• libraries = books
• Internet’s readers are becoming its
authors
• 25% of general public and 50% of
college students participate in social
sites
Changes in Web Use: 2005-2007
186%
27%
10%
Change in use of Web
services from 2005 - 2007
33%
33%
The good news for libraries …
• 96% have visited a library
• 57% use libraries frequently
• 69% say library use is steady or higher
• 78% view libraries favorably as an information source
In other words, it’s not a problem of demand
Is it a supply problem?
Q: Where do you typically begin your search for information?
Search Engines
84%
Library Portals
2%
From OCLC: Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources (2005)
Libraries manage complex supply issues
- Cooperative Collection Management
- Floating Collections
- Regional Courier Services
- Private / Dedicated Fleet Management
- Content / Collection Management
- Digital content management - ERIM
- Mass digitization
Libraries struggle with “Web scale supply”
• Collectively, libraries satisfy significant demand
• However …
• We have lacked a collective Web presence
• Our logistics systems tend to be paper based and
fragmented
• Our digital delivery systems are not well coordinated
• We have not coordinated delivery of physical, digital,
digitized materials
A Web 2.0 approach to library supply
• Use the Web as a service platform
• Touch the entire Web
• Release lightweight services
• Build better data & collect user intelligence
What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of
Software.” - Tim O’Reilly
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/207310919&referer=brief_results
Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform
Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform
The WorldCat.org Platform
• Destination Site
• Syndication Program
• Enterprise Solution
Local
Group
Global
Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform
WorldCat.org – Destination Site
Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform
WorldCat.org - Syndicaton Program
Over 5,000 affiliate sites
Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform
Sources of WorldCat.org Traffic
Over 5,000 Web sites send traffic to libraries through WorldCat.org
Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform
WorldCat.org Syndication: Google Book Search
Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform
WorldCat.org - Enterprise Solution
Principle 1: Use the Web as a Platform
WorldCat Local: Results
Principle 2: Lightweight Services
• Includes Web services and systems that
are designed to be “remixed” by
others
• Supports machine-to-machine
interaction between services over a
network
• Efficient means of syndicating services
across many Web sites
Principle 2: Lightweight Services
OCLC and Lightweight Services
OCLC Web services
WorldCat API
• xISBN, xISSN, xOCLCNUM
• 10-15 developers from
cataloging institutions
in North America and Europe
• WorldCat Identities
• Registries including
institution, reviews,
citations (lists), tagging
• Terminologies
• Metadata Crosswalk
• Search of WorldCat and
retrieval of holdings
• Developers build applications
that will drive people back to
library services
Principle 2: Lightweight Services
OCLC Developer’s Network
• Reach a different user community
• Two way dialog
• Influence and feedback for planning Grid services
• Infrastructure for collaboration
• Contribute to the community
•
•
http://worldcat.org/devnet/
Principle 2: Lightweight Services
WorldCat.org Widgets
• OCLC has released small
applications for WorldCat for:
• Browsers
• Blogs / Web sites
• Popular sites (e.g., facebook)
Principle 2: Lightweight Services
WorldCat API and the iPhone
Principle 2: Lightweight Services
WorldCat API and the iPhone
Principle 3: Building Better Data
Principle 3: Building Better Data
Old Data Paradigm
Books
Journals
Newspapers
Gov docs
Etc.
Special
collections
Manuscripts
Papers
Univ records
Collections &
Library-centric model
Library catalogs
Archives
Journal
articles
Conference
proceedings
Etc.
Abstracting &
Indexing services
Principle 3: Building Better Data
The importance of data in library search &
retrieval
Ludwig, Mark J. and Wells, Margaret R. “Google Books vs. BISON.” Library
Journal, July 15, 2008. http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6566451.html
Principle 3: Building Better Data
What data do users want?
Information most essential in identifying the item needed?
End Users (n=7535)
List of libraries that own
it
24%
Ability to see what is
immediately available
14%
Author
12%
Item details
7%
Links to online
content/full text
7%
Citations
5%
Summary/abstract
5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Principle 3: Building Better Data
Cataloging the “Collective Collection”
stewardship
high
Books
low
Special
collections
high
Newspapers
Gov. docs
CD, DVD
Maps
Scores
uniqueness
Journals
Rare books
Local/Historical
newspapers
Local history materials
Archives & Manuscripts,
Theses & dissertations
low
Freely-accessible
web resources
Open source software
Newsgroup archives
Research, learning
and administrative
materials,
•ePrints/tech reports
•Learning objects
•Courseware
•E-portfolios
•Research data
•Institutional records
•Reports, newsletters, etc
http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/archive/2004/dempsey-mslitaguide.pdf
Principle 3: Building Better Data
OCLC’s Data Strategy
• Change the old paradigm
• Go global
• Go upstream
• Serve consumers first
• Cover more more ground
• Facilitate access
Principle 3: Building Better Data
Going Global - National files pending for
WorldCat
Bibliothèque nationale de France
National Library of Russia
Danish National Library
National Library of Scotland
Jewish National and
University Library
National Library of Slovenia
Libraries and Archives Canada
National Library of Sweden
National Library of Australia
National Central Library, Taiwan
National Library of China
National Library of Wales
National Library of Finland
Russian State Library
National Library of Iceland
Swiss National Library
National Library of New Zealand
Principle 3: Building Better Data
Multilingual WorldCat
1998:
2008:
Total Records 37.5 m records 108.2 m records
English
23.9 m
55.2 m
French
2.3 m
6.2 m
German
Spanish
Japanese
Russian
Chinese
2.2 m
1.6 m
.8 m
.8 m
.7 m
12.3 m
3.6 m
2.5 m
1.8 m
2.3 m
Italian
Latin
Portuguese
Dutch
.7 m
.3 m
.3 m
.2 m
1.7 m
1.2 m
.9 m
2.7 m
Hebrew
.2 m
.7 m
Percentage of
Non-English Records
36%
1998
50¼%
2008
Principle 3: Building Better Data
Going Upstream
Upstream capture
of ONIX metadata
Libraries:
• Chicago Public Library
• Phoenix Public Library
• MIT Library
• The Ohio State University Library
Publishers/vendors:
• Ingram Book Group
• Hachette Book Group
• Princeton University Press
• Taylor and Francis
Principle 3: Building Better Data
E-Content Synchronization
Principle 3: Building Better Data
Article-Level Metadata in WorldCat
20 million
article-level records from
BL
20,000
Inside Serials—articles
from 20,000 journals
57 million
TOTAL ARTICLE-LEVEL
RECORDS NOW IN
WORLDCAT.ORG
Principle 3: Building Better Data
Accessing digitized library special collections
Thumbnail
View the item
Principle 3: Building Better Data
Accessing digitized library special collections
Principle 3: Building Better Data
Collect User Intelligence
Tools and
connections:
•Personal account
•Lists
•Citation tools
•Reviews, Ratings, RSS
•Social Tagging
•Sharing tools
… Always adding more
Principle 3: Building Better Data
Facilitating access via registries
Results
WorldCat.org: Average Monthly Traffic
2 million
750,000
unique users
clickthroughs to
library services
13 million
(OPAC, ILL, OpenURL, etc.)
page views
6 million
full record views
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8
Millions
Results
Page Views
25
20
15
10
5
0
WorldCat FirstSearch
WorldCat.org
Results
WorldCat Local and Library Supply
University of Washington July-Dec. 2006/2007
70%
100%
2nd
increase in borrowing
within Summit consortium
increase in ILL
requests via WorldCat
WorldCat.org now the 2nd
highest referrer to UW resolver
Results
Before we congratulate ourselves too
heartily …
1 Day
Annual use of WC < 1 day’s
use of Google.com
And what about the last mile problem?
Last Mile Problem
Outsourcing circulation?
• Reducing the
collective footprint
for physical materials
• Home delivery of
physical materials
• Outsourced
circulation pilot
Last Mile Problem
Managing the Collective Collection
Shared Print Program
Collectively enable research institutions to enact
cooperative print management schemes
Duplication Rate
Circulation by Subject
Average No. of Copies
6
5
4.5
4
3
2
1
1900
1915
1930
1945
1960
1975
1990
2005
Publication Date
Figure 1. Duplication rates have remained stable since the mid 1970s.
Law
Library Science, Generalities, and Reference
Geography and Earth Sciences
Political Science
Business and Economics
Language, Linguistics, and Literature
Agriculture
History and Auxiliary Sciences
Physical Sciences
Philosophy and Religion
Biological Sciences
Engineering and Technology
Education
Chemistry
Music
Performing Arts
Art and Architecture
Mathematics
Anthropology
Medicine
Physical Education and Recreation
Sociology
Psychology
Computer Science
0
1
2
3
4
Figure 2. Circulation activity varies by subject; shelf-status (reserves;
closed stacks) may be a factor.
Last Mile Problem
Cooperative Collections Management Pilot
• Assume institutions commit to retain and share 3 copies in
storage…
• Savings Opportunity:
• 12.5M volumes (out of 27.5M analyzed) could be weeded from
the 19 pilot participants
• 17.8 Linear Miles of Shelving
• At $3.00 (USD) per linear foot, $280k annual cost savings per
library
• Could add 19 additional years to life of libraries
Last Mile Problem
WorldCat Direct Pilot Results
Home delivery of ILL requests from Web book seller
91%
84%
58%
Satisfied with service
Plan to use service again
Received book at home in less
than 6 days; 91% < 10 days
OCLC’s Web Strategy
http://www.jasongriffey.net/wp/2008/04/27/connections-are-everything/
Our goal:
The world’s libraries. Connected.
• More collaboration
• More institutions
• More Web-scale
Local
• More innovation
Group
Global
“It is not the strongest
of the species that
survives, nor the most
intelligent
that survives.
It is the one that is
the most adaptable to
change.”
—Charles Darwin
Thank you!
Chip Nilges - [email protected]